美军实行战时合同商保障的做法与启示

通过与地方企业签订合同来满足部队保障需求是中外军队的普遍做法,但军队社会化保障仍主要限于平时。本文通过回溯美军合同保障相关文献,从供求矛盾、外部条件、军事效益三个方面对美军战时合同商保障的兴起原因进行剖析,归纳其经验做法和存在问题,并结合实际,从组织架构、法规体系、管理机制、运用战时合同商保障程序等四个方面给出了军队战时合同商保障的对策建议。随着我国军民融合发展战略的深入推进,中国特色社会主义市场经济优势更加突出,我国地方企业涉及的领域进一步拓展,军地技术运用隔阂逐渐被打破,加之疫情后中国经济展现出更强韧性,总体呈现向上向好的良好态势。以上这些因素将为军队在战时推行合同保障提供有利条件,同时为探索军队战时合同商保障模式提供一定参考。     

A melt-cast Duan-Zhang-Kim mesoscopic reaction rate model and experiment for shock initiation of melt-cast explosives

A melt-cast Duan-Zhang-Kim (DZK) mesoscopic reaction rate model is developed for the shock initiation of melt-cast explosives based on the pore collapse hot-spot ignition mechanism. A series of shock initiation experiments was performed for the Comp B melt-cast explosive to estimate effects of the loading pressure and the particle size of granular explosive component, and the mesoscopic model is validated against the experimental data. Further numerical simulations indicate that the initial density and formula proportion greatly affect the hot-spot ignition of melt-cast explosives.     

Peridynamic modeling and simulation of thermo-mechanical de-icing process with modified ice failure criterion

De-icing technology has become an increasingly important subject in numerous applications in recent years. However, the direct numerical modeling and simulation the physical process of thermo-mechanical deicing is limited. This work is focusing on developing a numerical model and tool to direct simulate the de-icing process in the framework of the coupled thermo-mechanical peridynamics theory. Here, we adopted the fully coupled thermo-mechanical bond-based peridynamics (TM-BB-PD) method for modeling and simulation of de-icing. Within the framework of TM-BB-PD, the ice consti-tutive model is established by considering the influence of the temperature difference between two material points, and a modified failure criteria is proposed, which takes into account temperature effect to predict the damage of quasi-brittle ice material. Moreover, thermal boundary condition is used to simulate the thermal load in the de-icing process. By comparing with the experimental results and the previous reportedfinite element modeling, our numerical model shows good agreement with the pre-vious predictions. Based on the numerical results, we find that the developed method can not only predict crack initiation and propagation in the ice, but also predict the temperature distribution and heat conduction during the de-icing process. Furthermore, the influence of the temperature for the ice crack growth pattern is discussed accordingly. In conclusion, the coupled thermal-mechanical peridynamics formulation with modified failure criterion is capable of providing a modeling tool for engineering ap-plications of de-icing technology.     

The effect of al particle size on thermal decomposition,mechanical strength and sensitivity of Al/ZrH2/PTFE composite

To study the thermal decomposition of Al/ZrH2/PTFE with different Al particle size as well as mechanical strength and impact sensitivity under medium and low strain rates, molding-vacuum sintering was adopted to prepare four groups of power materials and cylindrical specimens with different Al particle size. The active decomposition temperature of ZrH2 was obtained by TG-DSC, and the quasi-static me-chanics/reaction characteristics as well as the impact sensitivity of the specimen were studied respec-tively by quasi-static compression and drop-hammer test. The results show that the yield strength of the material decreased with the increase of the Al particle size, while the compressive strength, failure strain and toughness increased first and then decreased, which reached the maximum values of 116.61 MPa, 191％, and 119.9 MJ/m respectively when the Al particle size is 12—14μm because of particle size grading. The specimens with the highest strength and toughness formed circumferential open cracks and reacted partly when pressed. Those with developmental cracks formed inside did not react. It is considered that fracture of specimens first triggered initial reaction between Al and PTFE to release an amount of heat. Then ZrH2 was activated and decomposed, and participated in subsequent reaction to generate ZrC. The impact sensitivity of the specimens decreased with the increase of Al particle size.     

Partial penetration of annular grooved projectiles impacting ductile metal targets

Changing and optimizing the projectile nose shape is an important way to achieve specific ballistic performance. One special ballistic performance is the embedding effect, which can achieve a delayed high-explosive reaction on the target surface. This embedding effect includes a rebound phase that is significantly different from the traditional penetration process. To better study embedment behavior, this study proposed a novel nose shape called an annular grooved projectile and defined its interaction process with the ductile metal plate as partial penetration. Specifically, we conducted a series of low-velocity-ballistic tests in which these steel projectiles were used to strike 16-mm-thick target plates made with 2024-O aluminum alloy. We observed the dynamic evolution characteristics of this aluminum alloy near the impact craters and analyzed these characteristics by corresponding cross-sectional views and numerical simulations. The results indicated that the penetration resistance had a brief decrease that was influenced by its groove structure, but then it increased significantly-that is, the fluctuation of penetration resistance was affected by the irregular nose shape. Moreover, we visualized the distribution of the material in the groove and its inflow process through the rheology lines in microscopic tests and the highlighted mesh lines in simulations. The combination of these phenomena revealed the embed-ment mechanism of the annular grooved projectile and optimized the design of the groove shape to achieve a more firm embedment performance. The embedment was achieved primarily by the target material filled in the groove structure. Therefore, preventing the shear failure that occurred on the filling material was key to achieving this embedding effect.     

对军队党组织提高抓军事变革本领的理论思考

世界新军事变革的发展态势,既对我军建设提出了严峻挑战,同时也带来了难得的发展机遇,军队各级党组织必须把握趋势、揭示规律、采取措施、提高本领、积极应对,推进中国特色的军事变革。其中,观念革命是军事变革的先导;创新是军事变革的动力;培养大批高素质新型军事人才是军事变革的关键;科学筹划,正确处理变革中的各种关系是基础;善于抓住机遇,勇于解决关键性问题是推进军事变革和军队建设跨越式发展的必要条件。     

高抗噪无线车内语音通信系统的研究

由于现行的车内通话器均采用有线连接和传统的降噪方式,导致了乘员活动范围受限以及降噪能力不强等问题.提出了一套综合应用蓝牙技术和骨传导技术的无线语音通信系统,并将其应用到装甲车辆上,最后提出了一些在实际设计中需要解决的问题,为今后进一步研究提供参考.     

火力演进与陆军战术变革的回顾

自从火药发明并应用于军事领域之后,战争便逐渐步入热兵器时代。此后,陆军火力随着武器装备的发展不断发生变化,陆军战术因此在400余年的时间里经历了4次大的变革,分别是前装药滑膛火器时期的线式和纵队战术、后装药线膛火器时期的散兵线战术、机械化系列火器时期的诸兵种合同战术和信息促成火器融合时期的多军种联合战术。     

并行环境下的管理信息系统开发模式研究

通过分析生命周期法、原型法等传统管理信息系统开发方法存在的一些不足之处,以及将并行工程的思想应用到管理信息系统的开发中,提出了一种基于并行环境下的管理信息系统开发模式,并结合装甲装备器材资源调度系统的开发,对这种并行环境开发模式进行了探讨和研究.     

Optimal FCFS allocation rules for periodic‐review assemble‐to‐order systems

In Assemble‐To‐Order (ATO) systems, situations may arise in which customer demand must be backlogged due to a shortage of some components, leaving available stock of other components unused. Such unused component stock is called remnant stock. Remnant stock is a consequence of both component ordering decisions and decisions regarding allocation of components to end‐product demand. In this article, we examine periodic‐review ATO systems under linear holding and backlogging costs with a component installation stock policy and a First‐Come‐First‐Served (FCFS) allocation policy. We show that the FCFS allocation policy decouples the problem of optimal component allocation over time into deterministic period‐by‐period optimal component allocation problems. We denote the optimal allocation of components to end‐product demand as multimatching. We solve the multi‐matching problem by an iterative algorithm. In addition, an approximation scheme for the joint replenishment and allocation optimization problem with both upper and lower bounds is proposed. Numerical experiments for base‐stock component replenishment policies show that under optimal base‐stock policies and optimal allocation, remnant stock holding costs must be taken into account. Finally, joint optimization incorporating optimal FCFS component allocation is valuable because it provides a benchmark against which heuristic methods can be compared. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 158–169, 2015