华沙条约组织建立前的酝酿与准备

第二次世界大战结束后,以美国为首的西方国家推行冷战,严重威胁着苏联和东欧国家的安全。在此形势下,苏联和东欧国家已经无法按照雅尔塔协定的精神行事,被迫改变对外政策。从1947年夏天起,各国在巩固政权的同时,联盟愿望日益强烈。于是,它们联合起来,以美国为主要对手,以欧洲为重点地区,从政治、经济、外交、军事等方面采取一系列措施,与西方国家全面抗衡。在政治上,成立欧洲9国共产党和工人党情报局,宣告国际形势已发生根本变化,世界已分裂为两大对立的阵营,揭露美国推行的侵略和战争政策,谴责杜鲁门主义和马歇尔计划;发起有广泛群众参加的世界性保卫和平运动,支持各国人民的正义斗争。在经济上,实施“莫洛托夫计划”,与东欧国家广泛签订一系列经济贸易协定,巩固与东欧的经济联系;反击马歇尔计划,顶住帝国主义的经济封锁,并进而成立经济互助委员会。在外交上,签订友好合作互助条约,以期取得一致行动。在军事上,扩大兵员,加强装备建设,确定军事战略。这些步骤为后来建立华沙条约组织奠定了重要的基础。     

孙子的价值观防御思想探析

价值观的认同,是军队作战的基础,价值观防御是其它军事防御活动的根本。从《孙子兵法》中可以发现价值观防御的重要性,价值观防御与官兵的认识水平、全面素质的关联,以及价值观防御要处理好的几个关系。     

基于模糊模式识别的战场目标识别

分析战场目标的结构、材料、征候、特征及辐射原理等存在的差异,运用模糊模式识别方法,建立了战场目标识别的数学模型,给出了目标识别的详细步骤和方法:选取目标特征量、构造标准模糊集合、构造待识别模糊集合、应用择近原则进行目标识别,并通过算例,得到一些有价值的结论。模型和方法可供C3I系统快速准确的识别战场目标。     

在强抓军事斗争准备中提高打赢本领

提高各级党委领导军事斗争准备、带领部队完成信息化条件下作战任务的本领 ,必须把思想准备作为首要任务 ,提高官兵“真打实备”的思想认识 ;抓实人才培养 ,努力锻造具备打赢本领的人才队伍 ;坚持率先垂范 ,谋打赢、抓关键 ,着力解决现实问题和重点问题。     

Environmental regulation in project‐based industries

We study the environmental regulation of industrial activities that are organized as projects. Applications arise in construction, ship and aircraft building, and film making, among other industries. Relative to manufacturing, environmental regulation is different in project‐based industries, due to the uniqueness and geographical diversity of projects, and a lack of product takeback programs. Because the amount of waste and pollution generated by project companies can be large, regulators need environmental policies to ensure reduction of waste and pollution. We consider a regulator who attempts to maximize social welfare. We model this problem as a bilevel nonlinear program. The upper level regulator specifies waste reduction targets, which the lower level project companies meet using waste stream reduction and remediation of pollution, while attempting to control their project costs. We find that high waste diversion targets lead to outcomes with little pollution, but excessive project costs and only modest waste stream reduction. Projects that have lower task precedence density, or that have pollutants with different environmental impacts, show larger increases in project cost and time resulting from regulation. We describe a subsidy for waste stream reduction that coordinates the system, and we estimate the value of coordination. We also describe a bonus that encourages truthful reporting by project companies, and evaluate the relative cost and effectiveness of the subsidy and the bonus. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 228–247, 2015     

Modeling and solution for the ship stowage planning problem of coils in the steel industry

We consider a ship stowage planning problem where steel coils with known destination ports are to be loaded onto a ship. The coils are to be stowed on the ship in rows. Due to their heavy weight and cylindrical shape, coils can be stowed in at most two levels. Different from stowage problems in previous studies, in this problem there are no fixed positions on the ship for the coils due to their different sizes. At a destination port, if a coil to be unloaded is not at a top position, those blocking it need to be shuffled. In addition, the stability of ship has to be maintained after unloading at each destination port. The objective for the stowage planning problem is to minimize a combination of ship instability throughout the entire voyage, the shuffles needed for unloading at the destination ports, and the dispersion of coils to be unloaded at the same destination port. We formulate the problem as a novel mixed integer linear programming model. Several valid inequalities are derived to help reducing solution time. A tabu search (TS) algorithm is developed for the problem with the initial solution generated using a construction heuristic. To evaluate the proposed TS algorithm, numerical experiments are carried out on problem instances of three different scales by comparing it with a model‐based decomposition heuristic, the classic TS algorithm, the particle swarm optimization algorithm, and the manual method used in practice. The results show that for small problems, the proposed algorithm can generate optimal solutions. For medium and large practical problems, the proposed algorithm outperforms other methods. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 564–581, 2015     

日本海军舰队与南京大屠杀

上海沦陷后,溯江而上的日本海军舰队,先后突破中国军队在长江上设置的江阴、镇江和江宁三要塞区防线,进至南京下关江面,完成从长江水路对南京的包围。向南京进军途中,日本海军舰队协助日本陆军登陆长江北岸,并射击江面中国船只,封锁长江水路。临近和到达南京后,日本海军舰队向江岸及江面试图逃离南京的中国败兵、难民肆意射击,封锁了中国败兵、难民从长江逃离的通道。日本海军舰队是南京大屠杀的元凶之一。有关该课题的研究应该得到学术界进一步重视。     

福柯微观权力视角下班级座位编排运作方式分析

班级的座位编排是班主任工作的一部分,是教学环境不容忽视的因素.福柯认为在教育场域中权力运作最集中、最突出的地方就是传授知识的教室,教室里的每个角落都渗透着微观权力的影响.班级的座位编排蕴含着权力运作.微观权力学说中现代权力不仅具有生产属性,还有网络化、流动性、非中心性等特征.本文从权力视角中学生身体的规训、空间位置的编排、监视和规范化裁决四个维度出发,阐释微观权力在教室座位编排中的运作方式.     

高pH条件纳米Fe_3O_4催化H_2O_2分解去除水中4-氯酚

为了克服非均相fenton催化反应中溶液初始pH过低的缺点,开展了pH=5时Fe3O4/H2O2体系催化氧化去除水中4-氯酚实验。试验结果表明:制备的铁氧化物为纯Fe3O4,具有反尖晶石八面体结构。纳米Fe3O4能够高效催化H2O2分解氧化水中的4-氯酚,反应180 min后4-氯酚的去除率达到96.8%。当催化剂投量小于2.0 g/L,4-氯酚的去除率随着催化剂投量的增加而升高;当催化剂投量大于2.0 g/L,去除率会随着投量的增加而降低。随着H2O2投量的增加,4-氯酚的去除率先升高后降低。溶液的初始pH对4-氯酚的去除影响较大,pH越低,去除速率和效率越高。重复使用5次以后,纳米Fe3O4仍然保持较高的催化活性。     

综合射频系统在新型装甲平台中的应用

为了应对未来信息化战争对坦克装甲平台电子射频系统提出的更高要求,提出将综合射频系统应用在新型装甲平台上。该系统采用综合孔径方式设计,可完成对空目标搜索、精确跟踪、威胁判断、电子对抗、火力指引、毁伤评估等功能,在装甲平台防护中具有至关重要的作用。首先,介绍了装甲平台的多功能综合射频系统;其次,详细分析了该系统的组成、功能和特点,简要描述了作战中的应用模式;最后,针对综合射频系统在新型坦克装甲平台的进一步应用提出了发展建议。