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181.
Capacity expansion refers to the process of adding facilities or manpower to meet increasing demand. Typical capacity expansion decisions are characterized by uncertain demand forecasts and uncertainty in the eventual cost of expansion projects. This article models capacity expansion within the framework of piecewise deterministic Markov processes and investigates the problem of controlling investment in a succession of same type projects in order to meet increasing demand with minimum cost. In particular, we investigate the optimality of a class of investment strategies called cutoff strategies. These strategies have the property that there exists some undercapacity level M such that the strategy invests at the maximum available rate at all levels above M and does not invest at any level below M. Cutoff strategies are appealing because they are straightforward to implement. We determine conditions on the undercapacity penalty function that ensure the existence of optimal cutoff strategies when the cost of completing a project is exponentially distributed. A by-product of the proof is an algorithm for determining the optimal strategy and its cost. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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For infinite-horizon replacement economy problems it is common practice to truncate the problem at some finite horizon. We develop bounds on the error due to such a truncation. These bounds differ from previous results in that they include both revenues and costs. Bounds are illustrated through a numerical example from a real case in vehicle replacement. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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A system of iid Bernoulli components is the starting point in the statistical theory of reliability. This simplification allows for the development of a rich, though elementary, theory for the structure of the system. Two representations play a prominent role in the study of structural reliability. One is the minimal path set representation and the other is the signature representation. By combining the two representations with the Gibbs measure for the state of components, one obtains terms that can be interpreted as the complexity of the system structure. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010 相似文献
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This contribution reflects on the state of strategic studies today and the criticism it has received in recent years, as being outdated and irrelevant. The authors formulate some premises for reinvigorating this field of inquiry by widening its scope and research agenda to do more justice to the wide variety of actors, perspectives and practices observable in the enterprise of strategy in our contemporary globalised world. 相似文献
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