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11.
James A. Russell 《Small Wars & Insurgencies》2014,25(1):69-90
This article examines the complex legacy of David Petraeus who was a key figure in the emergence of the US military shift towards counterinsurgency doctrine in the years after 2006. Although Petraeus has been perceived by critics as a publicity seeker, he can be credited with laying the foundations for a more serious commitment to COIN involving in particular in integrating conventional and Special Forces in arenas like village stability operations. The article looks a Petraeus's role in both Iraq and Afghanistan: it concludes that, in the case of Afghanistan, it is too early to assess whether counterinsurgency has had a decisive impact of the outcome of the war against the Taliban. 相似文献
12.
This paper presents a model for choosing a minimum-cost mix of strategic defenses to assure that specified production capacities for several economic sectors survive after a nuclear attack. The defender selects a mix of strategic defenses for each of several geographic regions. The attacker chooses an allocation of attacking weapons to geographic regions, within specified weapon inventories. The attack is optimized against any economic sector. This formulation allows the defense planner the capability to assess the results of the optimal defense structure for a “worst case” attack. The model is a mathematical program with nonlinear programming problems in the constraints; an example of its application is given and is solved using recently developed optimization techniques. 相似文献
13.
James G. Taylor 《海军后勤学研究》1974,21(1):79-106
The optimization of the dynamics of combat (optimal distribution of fire over enemy target types) is studied through a sequence of idealized models by use of the mathematical theory of optimal control. The models are for combat over a period of time described by Lanchester-type equations with a choice of tactics available to one side and subject to change with time. The structure of optimal fire distribution policies is discussed with reference to the influence of combatant objectives, termination conditions of the conflict, type of attrition process, and variable attrition-rate coefficients. Implications for intelligence, command and control systems, and human decision making are pointed out. The use of such optimal control models for guiding extensions to differential games is discussed. 相似文献
14.
A basic problem in scheduling involves the sequencing of a set of independent tasks at a single facility with the objective of minimizing mean tardiness. Although the problem is relatively simple, the determination of an optimal sequence remains a challenging combinatorial problem. A number of algorithms have been developed for finding solutions, and this paper reports a comparative evaluation of these procedures. Computer programs for five separate algorithms were written and all were run on a data base designed to highlight computational differences. Optimizing algorithms developed by Emmons and by Srinivasan appeared to be particularly efficient in the comparative study. 相似文献
15.
A method is presented to locate and allocate p new facilities in relation to n existing facilities. Each of the n existing facilities has a requirement flow which must be supplied by the new facilities. Rectangular distances are assumed to exist between all facilities. The algorithm proceeds in two stages. In the first stage a set of all possible optimal new facility locations is determined by a set reduction algorithm. The resultant problem is shown to be equivalent to finding the p-median of a weighted connected graph. In the second stage the optimal locations and allocations are obtained by using a technique for solving the p-median problem. 相似文献
16.
James G. Taylor 《海军后勤学研究》1975,22(4):617-650
The treatment of force-level constraints in time-sequential combat optimization problems is illustrated by further studying the fire-programming problem of Isbell and Marlow. By using the theory of state variable inequality constraints from modern optimal control theory, sharper results are obtained on necessary conditions of optimality for an optimal fire-distribution policy (in several cases justifying conjectures made in previous analysis). This leads to simplification of the determination of the domains of controllability for extremals leading to the various terminal states of combat. (Additionally, some new results for the determination of boundary conditions for the adjoint variables in optimal control problems with state variable inequality constraints have arisen from this work.) Some further extensions of previous analysis of the fire-programming problem are also given. These clarify some key points in the solution synthesis. Some important military principles for target selection and the valuation of combat resources are deduced from the solution. As a result of this work, more general time-sequential combat optimization problems can be handled, and a more systematic solution procedure is developed. 相似文献
17.
The provision of Military Assistance to the Civil Powers (MACP) encapsulates the traditional approach towards countering terrorism on the British mainland, which emphasises minimum force, proportionality, police primacy and the rule of law, with the military retained as a supporting instrument, being employed only as a measure of last resort. Recent terrorist incidents in major urban centres do, however, question the effectiveness of these established methods. This analysis initially codifies the conceptual issues that underscore the tensions between civil policing and military anti-terrorist approaches in the UK, and proceeds to evaluate and compare a number of operations that indicate the nature of the challenges facing the MACP apparatus. In particular, potential shortcomings in the MACP provisions are identified in the form of threat perception and deployment and enforcement gaps. The assessment finds that there are facets of MACP that are of enduring relevance in the current era, yet a continuing need persists to reconcile police and military imperatives toward serious civil disorder contingencies and conditions of emergency. 相似文献
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20.
James J. Wirtz 《The Nonproliferation Review》2013,20(3-4):333-335