基于专家系统的防化保障预案评估研究

人工智能技术在众多领域获得广泛应用．为满足现代战争对防化指挥手段的现代化要求,针对不易量化的防化指挥决策问题的评估,提出了构建知识库并应用模糊推理机制建立专家系统,据此进行防化保障预案的评估选优方法,并对该方法的求解过程进行了探讨．     

On parallel machine replacement problems with general replacement cost functions and stochastic deterioration

The parallel machine replacement problem consists of finding a minimum cost replacement policy for a finite population of economically interdependent machines. In this paper, we formulate a stochastic version of the problem and analyze the structure of optimal policies under general classes of replacement cost functions. We prove that for problems with arbitrary cost functions, there can be optimal policies where a machine is replaced only if all machines in worse states are replaced (Worse Cluster Replacement Rule). We then show that, for problems with replacement cost functions exhibiting nonincreasing marginal costs, there are optimal policies such that, in any stage, machines in the same state are either all kept or all replaced (No‐Splitting Rule). We also present an example that shows that economies of scale in replacement costs do not guarantee optimal policies that satisfy the No‐Splitting Rule. These results lead to the fundamental insight that replacement decisions are driven by marginal costs, and not by economies of scale as suggested in the literature. Finally, we describe how the optimal policy structure, i.e., the No‐Splitting and Worse Cluster Replacement Rules, can be used to reduce the computational effort required to obtain optimal replacement policies. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005     

A generalization of the weighted set covering problem

We study a generalization of the weighted set covering problem where every element needs to be covered multiple times. When no set contains more than two elements, we can solve the problem in polynomial time by solving a corresponding weighted perfect b‐matching problem. In general, we may use a polynomial‐time greedy heuristic similar to the one for the classical weighted set covering problem studied by D.S. Johnson [Approximation algorithms for combinatorial problems, J Comput Syst Sci 9 (1974), 256–278], L. Lovasz [On the ratio of optimal integral and fractional covers, Discrete Math 13 (1975), 383–390], and V. Chvatal [A greedy heuristic for the set‐covering problem, Math Oper Res 4(3) (1979), 233–235] to get an approximate solution for the problem. We find a worst‐case bound for the heuristic similar to that for the classical problem. In addition, we introduce a general type of probability distribution for the population of the problem instances and prove that the greedy heuristic is asymptotically optimal for instances drawn from such a distribution. We also conduct computational studies to compare solutions resulting from running the heuristic and from running the commercial integer programming solver CPLEX on problem instances drawn from a more specific type of distribution. The results clearly exemplify benefits of using the greedy heuristic when problem instances are large. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005     

农村公共产品供给与农民增收的关联研究

目前我国城乡差距突出表现为公共产品差距,公共产品有效供给不足已成为当前制约农民增收的瓶颈。无论从理论分析还是从国内外实践看,公共产品的有效供给与农民的增收呈现正相关关系。因此,提高公共产品的有效供给是促进农民增收的有效途径,针对公共产品供给实践中存在的影响农民增收的问题而采取相应的对策是当前促进农民增收的理性选择。     

增乘开方算法的由来

增乘开方算法是一种类似霍纳法的一种算法,它是最能体现中国传统算学机械化特征的范例之一。贾宪三角形中所记录的数字,就是最早的二项式定理中的系数,它在解决时很有效。因此,考察该算法的形成过程,可以使我们了解中国传统算学的特征、理解中国先哲的智慧。数学算法机械化也是当今数学的一个重要特征,而且增乘开方法的运算过程,迄今仍见于高等代数教材。     

关于上海敌后抗战的几个问题

学界以往对沦陷后的上海抗战研究较少。本文首先探讨了抗日敌后战场的定义和构成,认为沦陷后的上海应属于敌后战场的范畴,并对沦陷8年的上海敌后抗战分期及国共力量对比的演变加以勾勒,然后研究了沦陷后军统在上海市区的抗日游击战,以及忠义救国军在上海郊区的抗日游击战,以期丰富对上海抗战的研究。     

军队现代化建设必须以人为本

以人为本是科学发展观的核心,也是指导各项工作的世界观与方法论的集中体现。军队现代化建设坚持以人为本,有着三个相互联系的方面:一是以人为本需要正确处理人和武器的关系,在二者的辩证统一中加强军队现代化建设,是我们必须确立的科学建设理念;二是以人为本只有在军人特别是军官的素质与能力转化中才能得到凸显,这是贯彻以人为本重要的实践原则;三是以人为本还要正确把握军人个人利益与人民利益的联结,自觉无私奉献,坚守革命军人“全心全意为人民服务”的伟大价值取向。     

大学教育中物联网技术的应用研究

物联网技术的发展将改变人们的生活和工作方式,在不同的行业应用领域中逐渐得到广泛的应用,实现从信息化向智能化的提升。本文针对大学教育中的资源、管理和服务,结合物联网技术的特色,提出适合大学教育的物联网的基本架构,进一步提升大学教育的现代化和智能化水平。     

基于AHP的大学生信息素养能力评价指标体系构建研究

本文在深入分析国内外信息素养能力标准相关研究的基础上,确定了大学生信息素养能力标准,然后运用AHP法确定了大学生信息素养能力指标对应的权重,最终建立了一个适用于大学生信息素养能力的量化评价指标体系,使对大学生信息素养能力的评价真正得以实施。     

空地导弹对机动导弹武器系统毁伤能力评估

在攻防对抗仿真中,空地导弹对地面机动导弹武器系统的毁伤评估,是一个很复杂的问题。提出了计算机模拟目标真实几何图形,通过对目标的易损性分析和破片式战斗部导弹破坏威力的研究,探讨出一种空地导弹毁伤目标的评估方法。