Economic screening procedures using a correlated variable with multidecision alternatives

Economic screening procedures using a correlated variable are developed for selecting markets in situations when there are several markets with different profit/ cost structures. It is assumed that the performance variable and the screening variable are jointly normally distributed. Profit models are constructed which involve three profit/cost components: profit from a conforming item, cost from an accepted nonconforming item, and screening inspection cost. Methods of finding the optimal screening procedures are presented and numerical examples are given.     

Degeneracy in inventory models

In order‐quantity reorder‐point formulations for inventory items where backordering is allowed, some of the more common ways to prevent excessive stockouts in an optimal solution are to impose either a cost per unit short, a cost per stockout occasion, or a target fill rate. We show that these popular formulations, both exact and approximate, can become “degenerate” even with quite plausible parameters. By degeneracy we mean any situation in which the formulation either cannot be solved, leads to nonsensical “optimal” solutions, or becomes equivalent to something substantially simpler. We explain the reasons for the degeneracies, yielding new insight into these models, and we provide practical advice for inventory managers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 686–705, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/nav.10037     

试论20世纪20年代中国留苏军事教育与中国革命

20世纪20年代中国的留苏教育不仅为中国培养了革命干部,而且为中国共产党造就了一批军事人才。以往人们对前者关注较多,而对后者注意甚少。本文试图探讨20世纪20年代留苏军事教育的发展过程及其与中国国内革命形势的关系和对后来中国革命的影响。     

"三个代表"与马克思主义哲学教育

在马克思主义哲学教学中实现"三个代表"重要思想的"三进入",必须引导学员全面把握"三个代表"蕴涵的哲学智慧和科学实践观,深刻领会"三个代表"对唯物史观的运用和发展,培养其创新意识创新能力,通过"第二课堂"自觉实践"三个代表".     

导弹毁伤机场目标的信息处理技术

立足现实作战需求 ,运用多种图像处理方法和模式识别方法 ,研究目标实际毁伤信息的综合提取和处理方法 ,重点研究机场类目标的毁伤信息处理技术 ,建立了该类典型目标的打击效果判定系统。     

The impact of defense and non‐defense public spending on growth in Asia and Latin America∗

For a three‐sector Feder‐Ram framework, we present time‐series, cross‐sectional estimates for two cohorts, consisting of Asian and Latin American countries. The estimates indicate that private investment, and defense and non‐defense public spending are growth promoting for alternative error components representations. For the best error components representation, greater growth enhancement is associated with the two forms of public spending in Asia than in Latin America, while the opposite comparison characterizes private investment. Although defense is growth promoting, an opportunity cost exists insofar as non‐defense spending, financed by defense spending, appears to give a small net boost to growth in Latin America.     

A produce‐to‐stock system with advance demand information and secondary customers

We consider a manufacturer (i.e., a capacitated supplier) that produces to stock and has two classes of customers. The primary customer places orders at regular intervals of time for a random quantity, while the secondary customers request a single item at random times. At a predetermined time the manufacturer receives advance demand information regarding the order size of the primary customer. If the manufacturer is not able to fill the primary customer's demand, there is a penalty. On the other hand, serving the secondary customers results in additional profit; however, the manufacturer can refuse to serve the secondary customers in order to reserve inventory for the primary customer. We characterize the manufacturer's optimal production and stock reservation policies that maximize the manufacturer's discounted profit and the average profit per unit time. We show that these policies are threshold‐type policies, and these thresholds are monotone with respect to the primary customer's order size. Using a numerical study we provide insights into how the value of information is affected by the relative demand size of the primary and secondary customers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

Dynamic lot‐sizing model with production time windows

We consider a dynamic lot‐sizing model with production time windows where each of n demands has earliest and latest production due dates and it must be satisfied during the given time window. For the case of nonspeculative cost structure, an O(nlogn) time procedure is developed and it is shown to run in O(n) when demands come in the order of latest production due dates. When the cost structure is somewhat general fixed plus linear that allows speculative motive, an optimal procedure with O(T⁴) is proposed where T is the length of a planning horizon. Finally, for the most general concave production cost structure, an optimal procedure with O(T⁵) is designed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

Exact expected values of variance estimators for simulation

We formulate exact expressions for the expected values of selected estimators of the variance parameter (that is, the sum of covariances at all lags) of a steady‐state simulation output process. Given in terms of the autocovariance function of the process, these expressions are derived for variance estimators based on the simulation analysis methods of nonoverlapping batch means, overlapping batch means, and standardized time series. Comparing estimator performance in a first‐order autoregressive process and the M/M/1 queue‐waiting‐time process, we find that certain standardized time series estimators outperform their competitors as the sample size becomes large. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007