混合量化与基于小波的图像压缩

本文针对基于小波的图像压缩,提出一种新的快速有效的量化方法。该方法将矢量量化的高效率和标量量化的简单性有机地结合起来,称为混合量化（ＨＱ－ＨｙｂｒｉｄＱｕａｎ－ｔｉｚａｔｉｏｎ）。它不需要进行码书训练,不要做乘除法。并用标准测试图像与其它著名方法的压缩结果进行了比较。     

The impact of exponential smoothing forecasts on the bullwhip effect

An important phenomenon often observed in supply chain management, known as the bullwhip effect, implies that demand variability increases as one moves up the supply chain, i.e., as one moves away from customer demand. In this paper we quantify this effect for simple, two‐stage, supply chains consisting of a single retailer and a single manufacturer. We demonstrate that the use of an exponential smoothing forecast by the retailer can cause the bullwhip effect and contrast these results with the increase in variability due to the use of a moving average forecast. We consider two types of demand processes, a correlated demand process and a demand process with a linear trend. We then discuss several important managerial insights that can be drawn from this research. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 47: 269–286, 2000     

Optimizing natural gas pipeline transmission with nonuniform elevation: A new initialization approach

In this paper, we develop an iterative piecewise linear approximation approach with a novel initialization method to solve natural gas pipeline transmission problems with the nonuniform network elevation. Previous approaches, such as energy minimization methods, cannot be applied to solve problems with the nonuniform network elevation because they exclude pressure range constraints, and thus provide solutions far from optimum. We propose a new initialization model that considers pressure range constraints and improves the optimality of the solutions and the computational efficiency. Furthermore, we extend the energy minimization methods and provide the necessary conditions under which the extended methods operate in networks with the nonuniform elevation. We test the performances of the methods with previously reported pipeline networks from the literature, with the open data set GasLib, and with our industrial collaborator. The initialization approach is shown to be more efficient than the method with fixed initial breakpoints. The newly proposed initialization approach generates solutions with a higher accuracy than the extended energy minimization methods, especially in large‐size networks. The proposed method has been applied to natural gas transmission planning by the China National Petroleum Corporation and has brought a direct profit increase of 330 million U.S. dollars in 2015‐2017.     

多普勒盲区条件下的目标点迹-航迹关联方法

机载预警雷达存在着固有的多普勒盲区问题,该盲区不仅易引起目标航迹中断和重起批,还容易引起数据关联的错误。基于此,提出了一种新的多目标点迹-航迹关联方法,该方法引入了由多普勒盲区造成的第二类空量测,将点迹-航迹关联作为最优二维分配问题求解,同时,为延长航迹寿命,采用多普勒盲区先验信息对传统航迹撤销准则进行了修正。仿真结果表明:在杂波、多目标环境且存在多普勒盲区的条件下,该方法航迹中断率较传统方法有明显下降。     

基于组合非线性反馈的机器人鲁棒控制方法

自身关节摩擦或外部环境扰动不可避免地会对机器人系统产生不利影响,致使系统产生定位误差和抖动,从而弱化系统的控制性能。所使用的方法在组合非线性反馈(CNF)控制器的基础上加入干扰估计补偿项(鲁棒项)所形成的新型控制器可以有效地解决这个问题。最终仿真结果表明,新型控制器不但能保留原有组合非线性反馈控制方法的优点,还可以有效抑制摩擦等扰动对系统的影响,使系统获得更好的控制性能并保持较强的鲁棒性。     

Mixed rules in multi‐issue allocation situations

Multi‐issue allocation situations study problems where an estate must be divided among a group of agents. The claim of each agent is a vector specifying the amount claimed by each agent on each issue. We present a two‐stage rule. First, we divide the estate among the issues following the constrained equal awards rule. Second, the amount assigned to each issue is divided among the agents in proportion to their demands on this issue. We apply the rule to two real‐world problems: the distribution of natural resources between countries and the distribution of budget for education and research between universities.     

微型导弹柔性充气翼结构设计与力学变形仿真

以NACA2412为基准翼型设计充气弹翼,采用柔性蒙皮应力分析理论并根据弹翼蒙皮材料强度极限理论建立考虑分布质量影响的改进应力表达模型,据此得到柔性薄膜弹翼允许充气压力范围。分析结果发现:柔性弹翼充气单元尺寸越小,相应的充气压力允许范围越大。采用ABAQUS/CAE软件以不可压缩壳单元仿真柔性充气弹翼在不同充气压力条件下的变形情况,发现非对称翼型充气后中间下凹的翘曲方式并确定柔性蒙皮的危险点,利用翼面典型线分析了充气翼局部力学变形特性。进一步对充气弹翼进行表面覆膜改进分析,获得了良好的结构力学性能改进效果。     

A branch and bound algorithm for computing optimal replacement policies in consecutive k‐out‐of‐n‐systems

This paper presents a branch and bound algorithm for computing optimal replacement policies in a discrete‐time, infinite‐horizon, dynamic programming model of a binary coherent system with n statistically independent components, and then specializes the algorithm to consecutive k‐out‐of‐n systems. The objective is to minimize the long‐run expected average undiscounted cost per period. (Costs arise when the system fails and when failed components are replaced.) An earlier paper established the optimality of following a critical component policy (CCP), i.e., a policy specified by a critical component set and the rule: Replace a component if and only if it is failed and in the critical component set. Computing an optimal CCP is a optimization problem with n binary variables and a nonlinear objective function. Our branch and bound algorithm for solving this problem has memory storage requirement O(n) for consecutive k‐out‐of‐n systems. Extensive computational experiments on such systems involving over 350,000 test problems with n ranging from 10 to 150 find this algorithm to be effective when n ≤ 40 or k is near n. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 288–302, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/nav.10017     

A Bayesian analysis on the effect of multiple supply options in a quick response environment

In the apparel industry, vendors often suffer from high mismatches in supply and demand. To cope with this problem, they procure the same style product from different suppliers with different manufacturing costs. Especially in the quick response environment, which allows vendors to monitor trends in customer demand and search for available suppliers through the electronic market, they have additional opportunities to improve their decision‐making. In this paper, we propose an analytical profit maximization model and develop efficient decision tools to help both the middle and lower level managers pursuing this strategy. Furthermore, we have shown how significantly the vendors' potential competitive edge can be improved by exploiting multiple supply options, even at the expense of high premium procurement costs for late orders. The effect is critical, especially in a highly competitive market, and it has important implications for the top managers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2003