一种有机膨润土润滑脂的性能研究

以有机膨润土、HVI400矿物基础油、添加剂和极性助分散剂为原料,实验研究一种有机膨润土润滑脂,较详细地考察了极性助分散剂、添加剂及制备工艺（搅拌速度、搅拌时间、研磨次数）对膨润土润滑脂性能的影响.实验结果表明极性助分散剂采用丙酮时制备的膨润土润滑脂性能良好;液态添加剂比固体添加剂的效果好;制备工艺对膨润土润滑脂的性能有一定影响.采用15%有机膨润土稠化剂和85%HVI400矿物基础油,以2%-4%丙酮作极性助分散剂,添加0.5%抗氧剂、0.5%防锈剂、1%油性剂和4%极压抗磨剂,制备工艺为快速搅拌30 min,研制出一种性能良好的极压膨润土润滑脂,该润滑脂具有良好的高温性、胶体安定性、机械安定性、防锈性、抗水性和极压抗磨性.     

一种自启动偏置电路芯片的设计

针对集成电路中对高精度基准电流源的需求,设计了一种具有自启动功能的偏置电流源电路,输出电流值为10μA、2μA。仿真结果表明该电路在保持高电源抑制比的同时,提供了合适的静态工作点,解决了芯片自启动问题。     

棉花堆垛火灾扑救对策探讨——以临汾中储棉仓库火灾扑救为例

棉花具有易燃、阴燃特性,其堆垛起火后火势蔓延迅速,容易在短时间内形成大面积、立体火灾,扑救困难。阐述了棉花堆垛火灾的特点,探讨了棉花堆垛火灾处置的对策,分析了扑救棉花火灾应注意的事项,并简要介绍了棉花仓库火灾防范措施。     

大学生思想政治教育中的“沉默螺旋”现象

"沉默的螺旋"理论是20世纪70年代德国社会学家诺尔诺依曼基于历史和传播的角度提出的关于舆论形成的理论假设,是现今学界研究受众反应的经典理论之一。本文就沉默螺旋理论在当代大学生思政传播中的存在性进行了论证,并分析了其对大学生思想政治教育可能产生的影响,结合实际,探讨了降低其负面影响的对策。     

Impact of reseller's and sales agent's forecasting accuracy in a multilayer supply chain

We consider a three‐layer supply chain with a manufacturer, a reseller, and a sales agent. The demand is stochastically determined by the random market condition and the sales agent's private effort level. Although the manufacturer is uninformed about the market condition, the reseller and the sales agent conduct demand forecasting and generate private demand signals. Under this framework with two levels of adverse selection intertwined with moral hazard, we study the impact of the reseller's and the sales agent's forecasting accuracy on the profitability of each member. We show that the manufacturer's profitability is convex on the reseller's forecasting accuracy. From the manufacturer's perspective, typically improving the reseller's accuracy is detrimental when the accuracy is low but is beneficial when it is high. We identify the concrete interrelation among the manufacturer‐optimal reseller's accuracy, the volatility of the market condition, and the sales agent's accuracy. Finally, the manufacturer's interest may be aligned with the reseller's when only the reseller can choose her accuracy; this alignment is never possible when both downstream players have the discretion to choose their accuracy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 207–222, 2014     

A novel gradient approach for optimal design and sensitivity analysis of EWMA control charts

Conventional control charts are often designed to optimize out‐of‐control average run length (ARL), while constraining in‐control ARL to a desired value. The widely employed grid search approach in statistical process control (SPC) is time‐consuming with unsatisfactory accuracy. Although the simulation‐based ARL gradient estimators proposed by Fu and Hu [Manag Sci 45 (1999), 395–413] can alleviate this issue, it still requires a large number of simulation runs to significantly reduce the variance of gradient estimators. This article proposes a novel ARL gradient estimation approach based on integral equation for efficient analysis and design of control charts. Although this article compares with the results of Fu and Hu [Manag Sci 45 (1999), 395–413] based on the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart, the proposed approach has wide applicability as it can generally fit into any control chart with Markovian property under any distributions. It is shown that the proposed method is able to provide a fast, accurate, and easy‐to‐implement algorithm for the design and analysis of EWMA charts, as compared to the simulation‐based gradient estimation method. Moreover, the proposed gradient estimation method facilitates the computation of high‐order derivatives that are valuable in sensitivity analysis. The code is written in Matlab, which is available on request. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 223–237, 2014     

Return policy: Hassle‐free or your money‐back guarantee?

This article compares the profitability of two pervasively adopted return policies—money‐back guarantee and hassle‐free policies. In our model, a seller sells to consumers with heterogeneous valuations and hassle costs. Products are subject to quality risk, and product misfit can only be observed post‐purchase. While the hassle‐free policy is cost advantageous from the seller's viewpoint, a money‐back guarantee allows the seller to fine‐tune the consumer hassle on returning the product. Thus, when the two return policies lead to the same consumer behaviors, the hassle‐free policy dominates. Conversely, a money‐back guarantee can be more profitable even if on average, high‐valuation consumers experience a lower hassle cost than the low‐valuation ones. The optimal hassle cost can be higher when product quality gets improved; thus, it is not necessarily a perfect proxy or signal of the seller's quality. We further allow the seller to adopt a mixture of these policies, and identify the concrete operating regimes within which these return policies are optimal among more flexible policies. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 403–417, 2014     

Strategic outsourcing under technology spillovers

We study a supply chain in which an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and a contract manufacturer (CM) compete in the finished goods market. The OEM can decide whether to outsource the intermediate good, a critical component for producing the finished good, from the CM or make in‐house production. Technology transition improves the CM's production efficiency, and it can take two different forms: a direct technology transfer from the OEM to the CM or technology spillovers through outsourcing from the OEM to the CM. We document the possibility of strategic outsourcing, that is, the CM supplies the intermediate good to the OEM when she is less efficient than the OEM's in‐house production. We find that technology spillovers can strengthen the incentive for strategic outsourcing. Furthermore, compared with direct technology transfers, outsourcing coupled with technology spillovers may generate more technology transition. Outsourcing is a particularly appropriate channel for implicit collusion when the OEM is not very efficient with the production of the intermediate good. Our results suggest that ex post competition on the finished goods can create room for ex ante collaboration and provide some implications on the OEM's outsourcing strategies when facing a competitive CM.© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 501–514, 2014     

空时频方位关联算法

针对跳频组网通信中不同信号间的时频分隔特点,利用时频重心进行目标方位数据关联,提出了空时频方位关联算法。根据提取的时频特征设计空时频测向的核函数,实现了简化的空时频测向算法。根据时频距离设计代价函数,基于匈牙利算法实现了方位关联结果的最优化二维分配。根据时频距离选择窗函数的类型和长度,有效避免了信号旁瓣泄露对测向精度的影响,显著提高了密集目标条件下的关联正确概率。数值仿真验证了上述观点。     

FQPSK和SOQPSK信号的通用准最优解调设计

FQPSK-JR和SOQPSK-TG是IRIG-106遥测标准中可以互换的两种信号体制,两种信号有着近乎相同的功率效率和带宽效率。尽管两种信号都可以采用常规的OQPSK接收机进行解调,但是基于OQPSK结构的接收机忽略了两种信号固有的记忆特性,其解调性能损失相比最优解调达2dB之多。在遥测链路中,受设备体积及电源限制,2dB的功率损失是至关重要的。虽然基于其调制体制相对应的最优接收机都能提高功率效率,但信号产生体制的不同导致了其对应的最优接收机结构不同。将IRIG-106标准中的FQPSK-JR信号用CPM调制来近似表示,将SOQPSK-TG信号的频率成型脉冲进行了截短近似,设计了基于CPM的通用准最优解调器。基于CPM近似设计出的解调器与OQPSK解调器一样无须对两种信号进行识别,仿真表明基于CPM设计的通用解调器对两种信号进行解调的渐进损失都很小,对复杂度也进行了分析对比。