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481.
This paper investigates the problem of choosing between two simple hypothesis, H0 and H1, in terms of independent, identically distributed random variables, when observations can be taken in groups. At any stage in the decision process it must be decided whether to stop and take action now or to continue, in which case the size of the next group of observations must be decided upon. The problem is to find an optimal procedure incorporating a stopping, group size (batch) and terminal action rule. It is proven, in general, that the optimal stopping and terminal action rule is of the sequential probability ratio type (SPRT). Fixed stopping rules of the SPRT type are studied and an iterative procedure of the policy improvement type, both with and without a value determination step, is developed. It is shown, for the general situation, that both the average risk and scheduling rule converge to the optima. Also, six suboptimal scheduling rules are considered with respect to the average risks they achieve. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the procedures. 相似文献
482.
Gary M. Roodman 《海军后勤学研究》1974,21(4):595-607
This paper develops a method for doing postoptimality analysis on the mixed integer programming problem. The proposed procedures form a natural adjunct to enumerative I.P. algorithms that are linear programming based, and they are designed, in effect, to capitalize on insights generated as the problem is initially solved to do subsequent analysis upon it. In particular, limited ranging analysis is possible on selected parameters, as is the efficient resolving of the problem following parameter changes. 相似文献
483.
484.
It is well known that a minimal makespan permutation sequence exists for the n × 3 flow shop problem and for the n × m flow shop problem with no inprocess waiting when processing times for both types of problems are positive. It is shown in this paper that when the assumption of positive processing times is relaxed to include nonnegative processing times, optimality of permutation schedules cannot be guaranteed. 相似文献
485.
An efficient auxiliary algorithm for solving transportation problems, based on a necessary but not sufficient condition for optimum, is presented. 相似文献
486.
An approach is presented for obtaining the moments and distribution of the optimal value for a class of prototype stochastic geometric programs with log-normally distributed cost coefficients. It is assumed for each set of values taken on by the cost coefficients that the resulting deterministic primal program is superconsistent and soluble. It is also required that the corresponding dual program has a unique optimal point with all positive components. It is indicated how one can apply the results obtained under the above assumptions to stochastic programs whose corresponding deterministic dual programs need not satisfy the above-mentioned uniqueness and positivity requirements. 相似文献
487.
This article proposes a practical, data-based statistical procedure which can be used to reduce or remove bias owing to artificial startup conditions in simulations aimed at estimating steady-state means. We discuss results of experiments designed to choose good parameter values for this procedure, and present results of extensive testing of the procedure on a variety of stochastic models for which partial analytical results are available. The article closes with two illustrations of the application of the procedure to more complex statistical problems which are more representative of the kinds of purposes for which real-world steady-state simulation studies might be undertaken. 相似文献
488.
Stewart M. Fraser 《Defense & Security Analysis》1998,14(3):335-337
Military operations and maritime preponderance by Charles E. Callwell, Edinburgh: William Blackwood & Sons, 1905. 相似文献
489.
490.
We present techniques for classifying Markov chains with a continuous state space as either ergodic or recurrent. These methods are analogous to those of Foster for countable space chains. The theory is presented in the first half of the paper, while the second half consists of examples illustrating these techniques. The technique for proving ergodicity involves, in practice, three steps: showing that the chain is irreducible in a suitable sense; verifying that the mean hitting times on certain (usually bounded) sets are bounded, by using a “mean drift” criterion analogous to that of Foster; and finally, checking that the chain is such that bounded mean hitting times for these sets does actually imply ergodicity. The examples comprise a number of known and new results: using our techniques we investigate random walks, queues with waiting-time-dependent service times, dams with general and random-release rules, the s-S inventory model, and feedback models. 相似文献