20世纪90年代印度军事变革综述

高新技术在军事上的广泛应用,特别是西方军事强国大力推进新军事变革,对印度的军事发展产生了重要影响.印度一直认为军队是实现国家战略目标的主要手段之一,军队建设的指导方针必须为其国家战略、军事战略服务.印度的军事战略目标是:以实力为后盾,控制弱小邻国,遏制东北部邻国,排挤大国对南亚和印度洋事务的干涉,巩固其在西亚的既得利益,积极争当世界军事强国.为实现这一战略目标,印度在20世纪90年代制定了"适当控制数量,重点加强质量,进一步提高战斗力"(转引自尹承魁、刘映国:<新军事革命对印度军事发展的影响>,载<教学研究资料>1999年第12期)这一未来军队建设的指导方针,积极迎接新军事变革的挑战,大力加强军队现代化建设,全面提高打赢未来战争的能力.20世纪90年代印度军事变革的经验,值得汲取和借鉴.     

亮点法在引信仿真中对目标回波计算的应用

在引信的数字仿真和半实物仿真中,目标回波的计算是进行仿真的基础。介绍了亮点法在目标回波计算中的应用,给出了利用亮点法对目标回波的幅度、延时和多普勒频率进行仿真计算的方法。该方法能够简化计算过程,能够满足仿真中实时性的要求。     

应急指挥决策方案的模糊综合评价研究

针对灾害现场应急指挥决策方案优选问题,提出了方案优选评价的可行性、时效性和安全性指标,应用模糊数学的相关理论构建了模糊综合评价的数学模型,采取专家调查打分法解决了方案评价影响因素的权重值及其评价等级的隶属度的确定问题,并采取加权平均算法对权重集A和影响因素评判隶属度矩阵R进行运算,得到的结果不仅反映了所有因素权值的影响,而且保留了单因素评判的全部信息,能够体现"模糊综合评价"的实质。     

联合作战实验组织实施方法

联合作战实验组织实施方法是综合集成理论在联合作战实验领域的应用成果。首先论述实验模式、实验阶段划分,然后论述实验人员的职责分工、作战实验的组织实施方法,最后给出联合作战实验组织实施示例。     

矩形波导结构潘尼管工作特性的分析

本文导出了一般TE_(no)模矩形波导结构潘尼管的色散方程,对潘尼管作了更明确的解释,并详细计算了TE_(20)模潘尼管的色散方程,得到其基波和第三次谐波同步谐振的色散曲线。该曲线表明,潘尼管在基波谐振上有1.5%的增长率,而在第三次谐波上有0.8%的平均增长率。此外,用非线性理论分析基波和第三次谐波同步谐振时的工作情况,给出了电子饱和时的电子分布图。在常直流磁场下优化结果表明,潘尼管在其次谐振时有51%的高效率和QP_w=9949.9MW 的输出功率,而在第三次谐振时有11%的效率和QP_w=1741.8MW 的输出功率。     

The impact of demand uncertainty on product line design under endogenous substitution

The existing product line design literature devotes little attention to the effect of demand uncertainty. Due to demand uncertainty, the supply‐demand mismatch is inevitable which leads to different degrees of lost sales depending on the configuration of product lines. In this article, we adopt a stylized two‐segment setup with uncertain market sizes and illustrate the interplay between two effects: risk pooling that mitigates the impact of demand uncertainty and market segmentation that facilitates consumer differentiation. Compared to downward substitution, inducing bidirectional substitution through product line decisions including quality levels and prices can yield greater risk pooling effects. However, we show that the additional benefit from the risk pooling effect cannot compensate for the reduced market segmentation effect. We demonstrate that the presence of demand uncertainty can reduce the benefit of market segmentation and therefore the length of product lines in terms of the difference between products. We also propose three heuristics that separate product line and production decisions; each of these heuristics corresponds to one particular form of demand substitution. Our numerical studies indicate that the best of the three heuristics yields performance that is close to optimality. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 143–157, 2015     

Technical note – operational statistics: Properties and the risk‐averse case

Consider a repeated newsvendor problem for managing the inventory of perishable products. When the parameter of the demand distribution is unknown, it has been shown that the traditional separated estimation and optimization (SEO) approach could lead to suboptimality. To address this issue, an integrated approach called operational statistics (OS) was developed by Chu et al., Oper Res Lett 36 (2008) 110–116. In this note, we first study the properties of this approach and compare its performance with that of the traditional SEO approach. It is shown that OS is consistent and superior to SEO. The benefit of using OS is larger when the demand variability is higher. We then generalize OS to the risk‐averse case under the conditional value‐at‐risk (CVaR) criterion. To model risk from both demand sampling and future demand uncertainty, we introduce a new criterion, called the total CVaR, and find the optimal OS under this new criterion. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 206–214, 2015     

Optimal pricing and scheduling control of product shipping

In this article, we seek to understand how a capacity‐constrained seller optimally prices and schedules product shipping to customers who are heterogeneous on willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to wait (WTW). The capacity‐constrained seller does not observe each customer's WTP and WTW and knows only the aggregate distributions of WTP and WTW. The seller's problem is modeled as an M/M/N_s queueing model with multiclass customers and multidimensional information screening. We contribute to the literature by providing an optimal and efficient algorithm. Furthermore, we numerically find that customers with a larger waiting cost enjoys a higher scheduling priority, but customers with higher valuation do not necessarily get a higher scheduling priority. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 215–227, 2015     

冷阴极高阻抗相对论速调管放大器的模拟研究

采用粒子模拟软件,建立了冷阴极发射实心束的高阻抗相对论速调管放大器模型。该模型由1个带屏蔽环的二极管,5个简单药盒型谐振腔和1个锥形收集极构成。为了给具有高效率的高阻抗相对论速调管提供实心束,同时实现设备的简单化和紧凑化,采用冷阴极取代传统的热电子枪,不仅易操作而且大大降低能耗和经费。在传统二极管阴极侧面引入屏蔽环,利用屏蔽极大地提高电子束阻抗,同时屏蔽环的位置和形状能明显降低非发射区的场强,并且有效改善阴极端面发射的均匀性。在束波互作用区,通过依次调节末前腔和输出腔的位置并结合导引磁场的大小对输出的微波进行优化,结果表明:在二极管发射电压525k V、电流328A的实心束及外加磁场0.35T的条件下,当注入功率为1k W时,在11.424GHz的中心频率处获得了功率81MW,效率47%,增益49d B的微波。     

软件漏洞分析中的脆弱点定位方法

针对二进制程序漏洞成因复杂难以分析的问题,提出运用污点分析的软件脆弱点定位方法,并实现了一个工具原型Sword Checker。以动态污点追踪为基础,依据漏洞模式通过特征匹配来定位软件中的脆弱点,运用二分查找定位影响脆弱点的敏感字节。实验表明,使用Sword Checker能够精确快速识别定位软件中三种类型的脆弱点,已成功分析了多个已公开漏洞的成因,并已辅助挖掘出几个未公开漏洞。