Vapor-phase decomposition of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a sarin surrogate,in presence of metal oxides

Chemical warfare agents (CWA) are stockpiled in large quantities across the globe. Agents stored in inaccessible facilities need to be destroyed rapidly without dispersing the compounds to surrounding areas. Metal-based energetic formulations are used in such prompt defeat applications to rapidly decompose the CWA by generating a high temperature environment. An alternate, and possibly a more effective decomposition pathway could be provided by chemicidal action of aerosolized condensed combustion products, which typically consist of metal oxides. Toxic fumes that escape the high tem-perature blast zone can be neutralized by smoke generated during combustion, depending on the par-ticle size, surface characteristics, chemical properties, and concentration of this smoke. This review considers relevant experimental and modeling studies quantifying decomposition of CWA comprising organophosphorus compounds and their surrogates on the surface of various metal oxides. Dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a sarine surrogate, was used most commonly for such experiments. Many reported efforts focused on the mechanisms of adsorption of DMMP to various metal oxides and initial reaction steps cleaving various bonds from the chemisorbed molecules. For selected oxides, these ex-periments were supported by quantum-mechanical calculations. In other studies, the capacity of oxide surfaces to adsorb and decompose DMMP was quantified. In most cases, porous catalysts were used although limited experimental data are available for aerosolized nonporous oxide particles. The reported experimental data applicable to scenarios involving prompt decomposition of CWA are summarized. It is noted that information is lacking describing respective heterogeneous reaction kinetics. Preliminary estimates of aerosolized smoke particle concentrations required to destroy CWA are made considering gas phase diffusion rates and reported values of the oxide capacity to decompose CWA or their surrogates.     

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美国陆军第10山地师在阿富汗进行城市战训练

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“东京玫瑰”的真相

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Experimental and numerical analysis on suitability of S-Glass-Carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites for submarine hull

Suitability of S-Glass/carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite for submarine hull subjected to hydrostatic pressure has been investigated in the present study. Metallic materials have raised concerns owing to their decomposition due to low resistance towards salinity and hence polymer composites have been explored to showcase their mechanical stability to withstand transverse and impact loads. To this end, the mechanical properties of S-Glass/carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite were expe...     

Drop weight impact analysis of GFRP tubes with hollow glass particle-filled matrix

Protecting occupants or payloads in crashes and blasts is of utmost importance in both moving and immobile structures. One way of achieving this is by using a sacrificial energy absorber. Composite tubes have been studied as potential energy absorbers due to their ability to fail progressively under axial compression. In this study, the energy absorption capability of these tubes is enhanced by adding hollow glass particles to the matrix. Drop-weight tests are performed on composite tubes, and a...     

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