联合作战体系对抗效能评估探索性分析框架

联合作战体系对抗效能评估问题是一个战略层次上的复杂系统问题,研究意义重大。本文分析了联合作战体系对抗效能评估问题的复杂性,基于复杂系统理论和探索性分析方法,构建了一种包括“三个空间”、“两个体系”、“两层评估”和“一层分析”的联合作战体系对抗效能评估探索性分析框架,并对该框架中的一些重要的具体过程进行了阐述。     

The cost of production breaks

Disruptions in the production process can have a serious impact on production costs. Most of the previous literature which addresses the cost impact of production breaks attributes the observed increase in costs solely to “loss of learning.” We develop a mathematical model which implies that breaks in the unit learning curve can occur because of a production break, even under the assumption of no forgetting. In such cases, increases in unit cost can be caused by decreasing returns as the amount of time available to meet the delivery schedule decreases due to the production break.     

电子战装备效能评估中的不确定性信息处理

电子战装备效能评估过程中存在着大量的不确定性信息。首先介绍了不确定性信息的概念、分类与研究进展;进而研究了电子战装备效能评估过程中不确定性信息的来源及其处理技术框架,并对概率统计、模糊数学和灰色理论方法进行了比较分析;最后指出了对装备效能进行更有效的评估还必须深入研究的一些问题,特别是一种同时能包含几种不同类型不确定性信息的综合度量模型和算法将是下一步的研究方向。     

A method for estimating the parameters of reliability models

The maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) of transition rates in a finite-state continuous-time Markov process with an absorbing state are obtained, when there are a number of independent realizations of the process. This process is explained as a model for deteriorating systems of reliability theory through example. The asymptotic properties of MLES as the observed number of realizations tend to infinity are studied. Extension of these results to semi-Markov processes is discussed.     

Finite Markov chain models skip-free in one direction

Finite Markov processes are considered, with bidimensional state space, such that transitions from state (n, i) to state (m, j) are possible only if m ≤ n + 1. The analysis leads to efficient computational algorithms, to determine the stationary probability distribution, and moments of first passage times.     

Book reviews

British Naval Policy and Norwegian Security: Maritime Power in Transition, 1951-60.. By Mats Berdal. Forsvarsstudier No. 2/92, Institutt For Forsvarsstudier (IFS) Oslo, Norway, 1992, ISSN 0333-3981.

The European Security Order Recast: Scenarios for the Post-Cold War Era.. By Barry Buzan, Morten Kelstrup, Pierre Lemaitre, Elzbieta Tromer and OLE Waever. Pinter, London (1990), ISBN 086187143X, £30.00.

Mates and Muchachos: Unit Cohesion in the Falklands War.. By Nora Kinzer Stewart. Brassey's (US), Washington DC (1991), ISBN 008-037-4395, $20.

The Declining Hegemon: The United States and European Defense, 1960-1990.. By Joseph Lepgold. Praeger, New York (1990), ISBN 0-275-93657-0, $15.95 pb.

Inventing Accuracy: A Historical Sociology of Nuclear Missile Guidance.. By Donald Mackenzie. MIT Press, Cambridge MA, and London, England (1990), ISBN 262-132-583, £19.95.