Production to order and off‐line inspection when the production process is partially observable

This study combines inspection and lot‐sizing decisions. The issue is whether to INSPECT another unit or PRODUCE a new lot. A unit produced is either conforming or defective. Demand need to be satisfied in full, by conforming units only. The production process may switch from a “good” state to a “bad” state, at constant rate. The proportion of conforming units in the good state is higher than in the bad state. The true state is unobservable and can only be inferred from the quality of units inspected. We thus update, after each inspection, the probability that the unit, next candidate for inspection, was produced while the production process was in the good state. That “good‐state‐probability” is the basis for our decision to INSPECT or PRODUCE. We prove that the optimal policy has a simple form: INSPECT only if the good‐state‐probability exceeds a control limit. We provide a methodology to calculate the optimal lot size and the expected costs associated with INSPECT and PRODUCE. Surprisingly, we find that the control limit, as a function of the demand (and other problem parameters) is not necessarily monotone. Also, counter to intuition, it is possible that the optimal action is PRODUCE, after revealing a conforming unit. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

冷兵器时代战争对经济发展的影响——以唐、五代时期华北平原为考察中心

安史之乱爆发,使华北陷入战争的泥潭,特别是安史之乱后期,中央和安史叛军主要在华北一带争夺,这里的经济发展受到了严重的破坏,"人烟断绝,千里萧条".有些学者认为安史乱后,华北经济从此便衰落下去,也有些学者不赞成此说.那么,华北平原是否由于安史战乱而一蹶不振呢?     

欧洲三十年战争对近代军事与政治的影响

欧洲历史上影响深远的三十年战争(1618-1648年)是在基督教分裂、宗教冲突的基础上爆发的。战争体现了当时欧洲主要国家法、英、丹麦、瑞典、神圣罗马帝国、西班牙等的利益冲突以及地缘政治的需要。战争的持久与残酷,一方面使德意志民族陷入分裂与落后状态,但从另一方面而言,也有其积极意义:即军事上促使现代战争模式的形成;宗教上使新教与天主教和平相处,为资本主义的发展开辟了通路;政治上促发了国家主权意识的觉醒;法律上则为国际法的构建奠定了基础。     

数字示波器网络化校准测试技术研究

在对网络化校准技术深入研究的过程中,对网络化校准系统体系结构与构建、系统应用软件设计等关键技术进行了研究,以此为基础设计了一个网络化示波器校准系统并进行了实际测试分析。     

论我军体制编制改革的历史经验

本文系统地总结了我军历次体制编制改革的历史经验,论述了我军体制编制改革始终以战胜敌人、保持我军本色为根本目的,紧紧把握时代脉搏,实事求是,积极探索,勇于创新,实现了从"知变"到"应变"、从认识到实践的统一,在体制编制上保证了我军从胜利走向胜利的历史过程。深刻剖析我军历次体制编制改革经验,对于把握军队建设发展的内在规律,从而贯彻落实科学发展观,履行我军新使命,深化体制编制改革,持续稳步提高我军核心战斗力,具有十分重大的现实意义。     

加强质量文化建设追求卓越质量

本文介绍了武昌造船厂在企业质量文化中,继承和拓展优良传统,牢固树立"100 1"的质量理念,采取特色管理活动,结合生产经营管理实际,把质量文化理念与生产经营深度融合,在企业管理中落地生根,促进质量管理水平不断提高和产品实物质量的持续提升。     

Operational idealism: doctrine development of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army under Soviet threat, 1969–1989

This article analyses the doctrine development of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) coping with the Soviet military threat between 1969 and 1989. In the 1970s, the PLA applied a doctrine of ‘active defence and luring the enemy into depth’ based on its traditional operational art. In 1980, the PLA decided to focus its doctrine on positional defence. In 1986, the PLA introduced ‘integrated operations and prioritised strike’, a generalised doctrine that originated from its war history. Many organisational and intellectual challenges in peacetime doctrine development contributed to the PLA’s operational idealism, including its aging leadership, command structure, attitude towards its previous experience, limited analysis of contemporary military developments, and failure in test and validation of doctrines. In the post-Cold War decade, many of these challenges persisted in spite of military modernization efforts. The ongoing military reform has to address these challenges and improve the PLA doctrine development in peacetime.     

Probabilistic resource pooling games

We study a setting with a single type of resource and with several players, each associated with a single resource (of this type). Unavailability of these resources comes unexpectedly and with player‐specific costs. Players can cooperate by reallocating the available resources to the ones that need the resources most and let those who suffer the least absorb all the costs. We address the cost savings allocation problem with concepts of cooperative game theory. In particular, we formulate a probabilistic resource pooling game and study them on various properties. We show that these games are not necessarily convex, do have non‐empty cores, and are totally balanced. The latter two are shown via an interesting relationship with Böhm‐Bawerk horse market games. Next, we present an intuitive class of allocation rules for which the resulting allocations are core members and study an allocation rule within this class of allocation rules with an appealing fairness property. Finally, we show that our results can be applied to a spare parts pooling situation.     

弹丸弹托结构参数对挤进阻力的影响研究

为了研究某滑膛武器弹丸弹托的不同结构参数及摩擦系数对挤进阻力的影响,分别以弹丸弹托的不同结构参数及摩擦系数作为单一变量,利用Ansys-workbench有限元软件分别对其挤进过程进行数值模拟仿真,得到挤进阻力的变化,进而分析该结构参数对挤进阻力的影响,从而为该滑膛武器弹丸结构设计提供了重要依据,也为同类武器的弹托设计提供了一定的参考价值。     

基于频谱的缺陷定位技术:逆向切片优于执行切片

一般情况下,缺陷定位技术的应用前提是必须存在测试预言,以判断测试用例的运行结果是失败或者成功,否则将无法使用。然而,在许多实际情况下,测试预言不存在或者很难定义,这就是著名的"预言家难题"。为了应对"预言家难题",利用蜕变测试,扩充了采用逆向切片基于频谱的缺陷定位技术的方法学,实现了其在无测试预言下的有效应用。基于上述研究,进一步对比了SFL技术中执行切片与逆向切片的缺陷定位能力。实验表明,在有测试预言和无测试预言两种情况下,逆向切片比执行切片具有更强的缺陷定位能力,并且公式GP19和ER1’相比于其他公式,更有可能达到最优结果。