民用科技成果转军用的探讨与研究

大力推动民用科技成果适时向军用领域转移,是实现国防资源优化配置、提高国防建设效益的重要途径,也是世界主要发达国家走军民兼容之路的具体发展战略。鉴于目前我国在民用科技成果转军用方面还存在一些亟需解决的问题,文章以民用科技成果转军用的实际状况为研究基础,构建民用科技成果转化体系与机制,旨在为我国民用科技成果转化工作提供有益参考。     

浅谈汽车炸弹的特点和防范手段

简述了汽车炸弹的特点及其实施战术,提出防范汽车炸弹的几种方法。一是研究爆炸物探测原理,配备先进的爆炸物探测装备;二是部署拦截装置;三是通过各种工程措施加强对重要目标的防护。     

浅谈创新与标准化

标准化是通过制定和实施标准,使重复事务达到统一以获得最佳秩序和社会效益的技术。国防科技工业是国家战略性产业,是产品研制生产的物质和技术基础,是国家创新体系的一支重要力量。标准化是国防工业现代化建设与管理的技术基础。高质量高水平的标准是建设现代化国防的重要技术基础。胡锦涛总书记对“十一五”时期国防科技工业提出明确要求“坚持强化基础,自主创新,努力提高科研和制造水平”。     

陆军弹药未来发展趋势

随着信息技术在陆军武器装备上的广泛运用,陆军弹药将呈现许多新的发展趋势,即研制超远程制导炮弹;开展软杀伤／新概念弹药技术的研究;发展复合作用和多用途弹药;采用系列化和模块化设计方法,实现一种弹药多平台携带和一弹携带多种弹药;发展性能更先进的灵巧炮弹;新型引信发展异常活跃,使弹药更加灵巧。一旦这些新弹药被应用于战场,将大大提高陆军部队的战力水平。     

基于主观贝叶斯方法的装备故障概率分析

由于造成武器装备故障的环境因素以及装备自身结构特征的不同,导致装备发生故障的不确定性。本文讨论了基于主观贝叶斯方法的装备故障概率分析方法,旨在事先预测武器装备在执行任务过程中的故障概率,为合理制定装备保障方案提供辅助决策依据。     

靶场试验与鉴定项目风险管理探讨

靶场试验与鉴定中的风险发生可能会对试验与鉴定目标的实现造成较大的负面影响,要求管理者主动采取有效的风险管理方法来减少风险发生的概率或降低风险带来的损失。鉴于靶场试验与鉴定的项目特性,将项目风险管理的方法应用于靶场试验与鉴定风险管理中,分别从风险管理组织构建、风险识别与评估、风险应对处理策略、风险管理总结评价几个方面进行探讨,为靶场试验与鉴定管理提供借鉴。     

信息化战场下军事指挥决策的人机交互技术与方式研究

人机交互环境是影响信息化战场下军事指挥决策能力与效率的一个重要因素。文章分析了未来信息化战场军事指挥决策面临的挑战,对军事指挥决策人机交互技术与方式的理论、技术与实践进行了深入探讨,研究了我军军事指挥决策人机交互技术与方式的发展思路和方向,提出了信息时代提升我军军事指挥决策能力的建议和对策。     

绿色建筑发展现状及其在我国的应用探讨

随着全球能源危机与环境恶化的日益加剧,绿色建筑已成为世界各国可持续发展的重要课题。介绍了绿色建筑的内涵与特征及发展实施现状,指出了我国绿色建筑发展面临的困难和存在的问题,并对大力发展我国绿色建筑的相关策略进行了探讨。     

Nonperiodic preventive maintenance for repairable systems

As a complex system with multiple components usually deteriorates with age, preventive maintenance (PM) is often performed to keep the system functioning in a good state to prolong its effective age. In this study, a nonhomogeneous Poisson process with a power law failure intensity is used to describe the deterioration of a repairable system, and the optimal nonperiodic PM schedule can be determined to minimize the expected total cost per unit time. However, since the determination of such optimal PM policies may involve numerous uncertainties, which typically make the analyses difficult to perform because of the scarcity of data, a Bayesian decision model, which utilizes all available information effectively, is also proposed for determining the optimal PM strategies. A numerical example with a real failure data set is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results show that the optimal schedules derived by Bayesian approach are relatively more conservative than that for non‐Bayesian approach because of the uncertainty of the intensity function, and if the intensity function are updated using the collected data set, which indicates more severe deterioration than the prior belief, replacing the entire system instead of frequent PM activities before serious deterioration is suggested. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

A partial characterization of the optimal ordering/rationing policy for a periodic review system with two demand classes and backordering

We consider a finite horizon periodic review, single product inventory system with a fixed setup cost and two stochastic demand classes that differ in their backordering costs. In each period, one must decide whether and how much to order, and how much demand of the lower class should be satisfied. We show that the optimal ordering policy can be characterized as a state dependent (s,S) policy, and the rationing structure is partially obtained based on the subconvexity of the cost function. We then propose a simple heuristic rationing policy, which is easy to implement and close to optimal for intensive numerical examples. We further study the case when the first demand class is deterministic and must be satisfied immediately. We show the optimality of the state dependent (s,S) ordering policy, and obtain additional rationing structural properties. Based on these properties, the optimal ordering and rationing policy for any state can be generated by finding the optimal policy of only a finite set of states, and for each state in this set, the optimal policy is obtained simply by choosing a policy from at most two alternatives. An efficient algorithm is then proposed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010