虚拟现实技术及其在军事上的应用

虚拟现实技术与多媒体技术、网络技术并称为三大前景最好的计算机技术。它自诞生以来,就在航空航天、军事、核工业等行业中发挥着不可替代的作用。本文仅就虚拟现实技术的概念、特点、设备及在军事上的应用作一综述。     

Parallel machine scheduling with batch deliveries to minimize total flow time and delivery cost

Motivated by the flow of products in the iron and steel industry, we study an identical and parallel machine scheduling problem with batch deliveries, where jobs finished on the parallel machines are delivered to customers in batches. Each delivery batch has a capacity and incurs a cost. The objective is to find a coordinated production and delivery schedule that minimizes the total flow time of jobs plus the total delivery cost. This problem is an extension of the problem considered by Hall and Potts, Ann Oper Res 135 (2005) 41–64, who studied a two‐machine problem with an unbounded number of transporters and unbounded delivery capacity. We first provide a dynamic programming algorithm to solve a special case with a given job assignment to the machines. A heuristic algorithm is then presented for the general problem, and its worst‐case performance ratio is analyzed. The computational results show that the heuristic algorithm can generate near‐optimal solutions. Finally, we offer a fully polynomial‐time approximation scheme for a fixed number of machines. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 492–502, 2016     

Optimal motion planning in rapid‐fire combat situations with attacker uncertainty

This article provides a modeling framework for quantifying cost and optimizing motion plans in combat situations with rapid weapon fire, multiple agents, and attacker uncertainty characterized by uncertain parameters. Recent developments in numerical optimal control enable the efficient computation of numerical solutions for optimization problems with multiple agents, nonlinear dynamics, and a broad class of objectives. This facilitates the application of more realistic, equipment‐based combat models, which track both more realistic models, which track both agent motion and dynamic equipment capabilities. We present such a framework, along with a described algorithm for finding numerical solutions, and a numerical example.     

美国科技动员发展的主要特点

科学技术作为构成战争实力的重要因素,已为越来越多的国家所认识,为保障战争对科学技术的需求,科技动员成为战争动员的重要内容。美国一贯十分重视科学技术力量在战争中的巨大作用,通过采取各种政策措施,有力地推动其科技动员向前发展。     

中国特色国防研究30年·国防动员篇

国防动员研究在国防理论研究中占有重要地位,其研究对象广泛,是综合性、交叉性强的系统科学。改革开放30年来,伴随我国经济政治形势和国防战略态势的发展变化,学界对国防动员理论的研究不断深化,根据国防动员实践所面临的新情况、新特点,创新拓展学术范围,已初步形成了具有中国特色的国防动员理论研究体系。特别是在发展社会主义市场经济和迎接世界范围内新军事变革的形势下,针对如何应对国防动员所面临的诸多挑战,学术界进行了不懈的探索,总结新经验,创立新理论,成果显著。     

浅析淮海战役中毛泽东的心理战艺术

在举世瞩目的淮海战役中,华东、中原野战军在543万人民群众及地方武装支援下,与南线国民党军主力浴血奋战66天,以伤亡13.6万人的代价,取得歼敌55.5万余人的伟大胜利,基本上解放了长江以北的华东、中原地区,使国民党政府首都南京处于人民解放军的直接威胁之下,蒋介石22年的反动统治陷入土崩瓦解的境地.     

Analysis of a production system in a general configuration

We consider a production system comprising multiple stations (or workshops) such as an entry station, a set of work stations, a central station, and an exit station, which are arranged in a general configuration. A worker (or a vehicle tool) is assigned to each station, who sends a part from the station to the destination station according to the required process path of the part. Any part is allowed to visit a work station more than once if its process path requires. We propose a new control strategy with the push policy for instructing each worker to send a part and the kanban mechanism for controlling the work‐in‐process (WIP) in each work station. As all work stations have limited local buffers, the central station is used for storing blocked parts temporarily. Such a production system is modeled as an open queueing network in a general configuration with a Markovian part sending policy and a machine no blocking mechanism. The queueing network is analytically characterized. Some important performance measures are compared with other control strategies. A semi‐open decomposition approach is applied to the queueing network for computing the blocking probabilities when parts arrive at the work stations. An algorithm is developed based on the semi‐open decomposition approach. Numerical experiments show the quality of the solutions obtained by the algorithm as well as a property of a performance measure. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48: 128–143, 2001     

关于算子方程Tx=y扰动分析的一些结果

在Banach空间中给出了一种相容算子方程解的误差估计 ,推广了矩阵扰动分析中的相应结果 .此外 ,利用Hilbert空间中算子M -P广义逆与算子的约化极小模之间的关系 ,给出了一些估计式 ,这些估计式对于分析不相容算子方程Tx =y的极小范数最小二乘解的扰动误差是有用的     

论太平洋战争美军岛屿进攻作战后勤保障的主要特点

第二次世界大战期间,美军在太平洋战场上进行了一系列岛屿进攻作战.由于战场广大、战线漫长、远离后方、战区自然社会环境恶劣和高技术装备大量装备部队等特点,使美军的后勤保障呈现出许多新的特点:第一,战场环境恶劣,部队减员严重,后勤保障时效性要求高;第二,战争旷日持久、消耗巨大,后勤保障趋向军民一体;第三,技术装备大量使用,后勤保障向专业化和科技化转变;第四,保交破交斗争激烈,后勤生存困难,保障与防卫一体发展.     

Dynamic inventory control with limited capital and short‐term financing

For most firms, especially the small‐ and medium‐sized ones, the operational decisions are affected by their internal capital and ability to obtain external capital. However, the majority of the literature on dynamic inventory control ignores the firm's financial status and financing issues. An important question that arises is: what are the optimal inventory and financing policies for firms with limited internal capital and limited access to external capital? In this article, we study a dynamic inventory control problem where a capital‐constrained firm periodically purchases a product from a supplier and sells it to a market with random demands. In each period, the firm can use its own capital and/or borrow a short‐term loan to purchase the product, with the interest rate being nondecreasing in the loan size. The objective is to maximize the firm's expected terminal wealth at the end of the planning horizon. We show that the optimal inventory policy in each period is an equity‐level‐dependent base‐stock policy, where the equity level is the sum of the firm's capital level and the value of its on‐hand inventory evaluated at the purchasing cost; and the structure of the optimal policy can be characterized by four intervals of the equity level. Our results shed light on the dynamic inventory control for firms with limited capital and short‐term financing capabilities.Copyright © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 184–201, 2014