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681.
Flexible capacity strategy in an asymmetric oligopoly market with competition and demand uncertainty 下载免费PDF全文
This article studies flexible capacity strategy (FCS) under oligopoly competition with uncertain demand. Each firm utilizes either the FCS or inflexible capacity strategy (IFCS). Flexible firms can postpone their productions until observing the actual demand, whereas inflexible firms cannot. We formulate a new asymmetrical oligopoly model for the problem, and obtain capacity and production decisions of the firms at Nash equilibrium. It is interesting to verify that cross‐group competition determines the capacity allocation between the two groups of firms, while intergroup competition determines the market share within each group. Moreover, we show that the two strategies coexist among firms only when cost differentiation is medium. Counterintuitively, flexible firms benefit from increasing production cost when the inflexible competition intensity is sufficiently high. This is because of retreat of inflexible firms, flexibility effect, and the corresponding high price. We identify conditions under which FCS is superior than IFCS. We also demonstrate that flexible firms benefit from increasing demand uncertainty. However, when demand variance is not very large, flexible firms may be disadvantaged. We further investigate the effects of cross‐group and intergroup competition on individual performance of the firms. We show that as flexible competition intensity increases, inflexible firms are mainly affected by the cross‐group competition first and then by the intergroup competition, whereas flexible firms are mainly affected by the intergroup competition. Finally, we examine endogenous flexibility and identify its three drivers: cost parameters, cross‐group competition, and intergroup competition. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 64: 117–138, 2017 相似文献
682.
Whether military spending is capable of promoting social welfare is currently a controversial issue. The aim of this paper is to investigate how military spending affects the input and output of social welfare (i.e. social welfare expenditures and social welfare index). A panel cointegration analysis and an impulse response function are conducted with multi-country panel data, over two time periods, 1998–2011 and 1993–2007. In addition, to extend a comparative analysis over different economies, BRICS (i.e. Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) and G7 (i.e. the US, Japan, Germany, the UK, France, Italy, Canada) countries are selected as representatives of emerging economies and developed countries, respectively. The empirical results show that military spending enhances social welfare expenditures in developed countries, while the effect is ambiguous in emerging economies. Also, military spending is capable of promoting the social welfare index based on the FMOLS estimation. The comparative analyses indicate that unlike in the G7, the effect of the growth of military spending on the growth of social welfare expenditures is negative and shorter in the BRICS. 相似文献
683.
This paper develops a panel smooth transition vector autoregressive model to investigate the economic growth–defense causality. This model simultaneously resolves the estimation problems of endogeneity, heterogeneity, and nonlinearity. Empirical results support that the causality is bidirectional, nonlinear, time- and country-varying. Economic growth has a negative impact on military spending and vice versa. The larger the HDI, the smaller the negative causality. Evidently, the increase in the level of country development can reduce the negative impact of military outlays on economic growth. Reducing the ratio of military spending to GDP is beneficial for countries with low HDI scores; however, moderately increasing the share of military expenditure is favorable for countries with extremely high HDI scores. Policy authority needs to set optimal education, health, and economic development shares of GDP for purchasing a maximum economic growth rate. 相似文献
684.
建立了液体火箭发动机预燃室内气氢气氧射流燃烧过程的数学模型,包括燃烧过程控制守恒方程、湍流流动方程和湍流燃烧模型,以及求解控制方程所需的辅助关系式;给出了模拟射流燃烧过程的数值方法。对于给定的预燃室结构型式和尺寸,研究了喷嘴构型和氧的喷射方式对化学反应流场和燃烧性能的影响规律。结果表明,喷嘴构型和氧的喷射方式对流动过程和燃烧性能都有影响,且喷嘴结构的影响较为明显。 相似文献
685.
单层平板吸波体界面反射模型的带宽理论研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了优化和指导吸波体设计,介绍了单层平板吸波体界面反射模型,推导了模型所揭示的吸波体内部能量流动关系。在此基础上,导出吸波体反射吸收带宽计算公式,由界面反射模型得出影响吸收带宽的因素,包括吸波层厚度、1/4波长厚度在峰值频率处的变化率、指定的反射波能量、前界面反射波能量及后界面反射波能量等。利用推导的能量关系及带宽公式,对3个同轴样品进行分析计算,结果表明计算值与实验值吻合较好,带宽公式推导正确。 相似文献
686.
微波暗室静区反射率电平的能量法仿真 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为提高微波暗室静区反射率电平在低频段的仿真计算精度,基于惠更斯原理和余弦辐射体的辐射通量计算公式,推导静区内某一点的直接辐射功率和来自室内6个面的间接辐射功率公式。在此基础上,得到微波暗室静区反射率电平能量法仿真计算模型。最后利用Matlab软件编程,对一个小型手机天线测试用微波暗室静区3个截面上的反射率电平进行能量法仿真计算。结果表明,能量法仿真得到的结果相比几何光学法更符合实际电磁波空间连续分布的特点。 相似文献
687.
为减少污染和节省人力,使用加油机器人代替人力完成加油工作成为未来发展的必然趋势。为此,专门设计一种加油机器人操作臂的结构形式,在D-H坐标系中建立四自由度加油机器人操作臂的运动学模型,采用变换矩阵方法求解该操作臂正、逆运动学解析表达式,并运用Matlab软件的机器人工具箱对该操作臂正、逆运动学方程进行仿真验证。研究结果证明正、逆方程运动学方程解的正确性以及设计方法的可行性。 相似文献
688.
针对现有非接触式静电检测装置存在检测距离近且距离固定等问题,提出了对电位测量进行距离补偿的变距离静电电位检测方案。首先,从电位测量的基本原理出发,分析了距离测量误差与电位测量误差的关系,验证了精确测距的重要性,即要满足电位测量相对误差σV≤±10%,所选测距方式的距离测量相对误差-4.65%≤σd0≤5.41%的技术指标。然后,通过实验研究了检测距离与感应电位的关系,验证了0.5 m内对静电电位变距离测量的可行性,得到了对电位测量进行距离补偿的公式雏形Vs(V a,d)=Va(a+bd)c。依据此公式雏形以及大量的重复实验,可以得到公式中的各项参数值,编入单片机可实现对静电电位的变距离检测。 相似文献
689.
确定合理的军事物流设施规模对于成功实施军事后勤保障十分重要。提出了基于RBF神经网络的军事物流设施规模预测模型的建模方法,该方法旨在确定军事物流设施规模与其影响因素之间的非线性关系;采用算例说明了基于RBF神经网络的军事物流设施规模预测的具体做法,对军事物流设施规模的确定具有指导意义。 相似文献
690.