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271.
We study the environmental regulation of industrial activities that are organized as projects. Applications arise in construction, ship and aircraft building, and film making, among other industries. Relative to manufacturing, environmental regulation is different in project‐based industries, due to the uniqueness and geographical diversity of projects, and a lack of product takeback programs. Because the amount of waste and pollution generated by project companies can be large, regulators need environmental policies to ensure reduction of waste and pollution. We consider a regulator who attempts to maximize social welfare. We model this problem as a bilevel nonlinear program. The upper level regulator specifies waste reduction targets, which the lower level project companies meet using waste stream reduction and remediation of pollution, while attempting to control their project costs. We find that high waste diversion targets lead to outcomes with little pollution, but excessive project costs and only modest waste stream reduction. Projects that have lower task precedence density, or that have pollutants with different environmental impacts, show larger increases in project cost and time resulting from regulation. We describe a subsidy for waste stream reduction that coordinates the system, and we estimate the value of coordination. We also describe a bonus that encourages truthful reporting by project companies, and evaluate the relative cost and effectiveness of the subsidy and the bonus. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 228–247, 2015 相似文献
272.
Modeling and solution for the ship stowage planning problem of coils in the steel industry 下载免费PDF全文
We consider a ship stowage planning problem where steel coils with known destination ports are to be loaded onto a ship. The coils are to be stowed on the ship in rows. Due to their heavy weight and cylindrical shape, coils can be stowed in at most two levels. Different from stowage problems in previous studies, in this problem there are no fixed positions on the ship for the coils due to their different sizes. At a destination port, if a coil to be unloaded is not at a top position, those blocking it need to be shuffled. In addition, the stability of ship has to be maintained after unloading at each destination port. The objective for the stowage planning problem is to minimize a combination of ship instability throughout the entire voyage, the shuffles needed for unloading at the destination ports, and the dispersion of coils to be unloaded at the same destination port. We formulate the problem as a novel mixed integer linear programming model. Several valid inequalities are derived to help reducing solution time. A tabu search (TS) algorithm is developed for the problem with the initial solution generated using a construction heuristic. To evaluate the proposed TS algorithm, numerical experiments are carried out on problem instances of three different scales by comparing it with a model‐based decomposition heuristic, the classic TS algorithm, the particle swarm optimization algorithm, and the manual method used in practice. The results show that for small problems, the proposed algorithm can generate optimal solutions. For medium and large practical problems, the proposed algorithm outperforms other methods. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 564–581, 2015 相似文献
273.
船体腐蚀图像分析是计算机图像处理在船体腐蚀领域的一个应用技术.该文主要研究了船体腐蚀中断层图像匹配算法的设计与实现.该算法对于研究船体腐蚀的形成和分析具有十分重要的意义. 相似文献
274.
图像合成是计算机图像处理领域的一个关键课题.该文提出了一种基于科体素体视技术的图像合成算法.该算法对于研究船体腐蚀图像的合成具有十分重要的意义. 相似文献
275.
276.
刘松风 《海军工程大学学报》1999,(3)
运用计算机技术对三向伴流场的测试进行研究,对多点三向伴流场测量系统原理、方法及计算机辅助采样、计算和分析进行了阐述. 相似文献
277.
278.
介绍了ViewEditor的功能和系统构造,并对其图形功能的层次模型与界面设计详细论述.ViewEditor是一个基于Windows NT系统的视景仿真编辑器.它集图形、图象、声音、文字编辑于一体,支持开放式接口,具有界面优良,操作直观灵活,满足WYSIWYG等特点. 相似文献
279.
刘家福 《装甲兵工程学院学报》1998,(3)
在BS理论框架下,对0~-→0~-和0~-→1~-(0~-和1~-分别代表赝标介子和矢量介子)跃迁的形状因子进行模型无关的分析.结果表明BS框架既能给出重夸克极限下的自旋—味对称性,又能给出重夸克有效理论关于1/m_Q修正的Luke定理及其它关系. 相似文献
280.
The explosive reaction degree and protection from explosions are concerns in the military field.In this work,the reaction degree of the composition B explosive was investigated experimentally.Multi-layered compound structures were used as barriers to weaken the blast loads.A comprehensive experiment using a high-speed camera and image processing techniques,side witness plates,and bottom witness plates was presented.Using the experimental fragment velocities,fragment piercing patterns,and damage characteristics,the reaction degree of the explosive impeded by different multi-layered com-pound structures could be precisely differentiated.Reaction parameters of the explosive obstructed by compound structures were obtained by theoretical analysis and numerical simulations.Unlike the common method in which the explosive reaction degree is only distinguished based on the initial pressure amplitude transmitted into the explosive,a following shock wave reflected from the side steel casing was also considered.Different detonation growth paths in the explosive formed.Therefore,all these shock wave propagation characteristics must be considered to analyze the explosive response impeded by compound structures. 相似文献