大规模科学数据体绘制技术综述

体绘制是刻画大规模科学数据中复杂物理特征的有效途径,然而,数据量极大、特征难以捕捉等问题依然是目前体绘制研究的主要挑战。为此,研究者们从三个方面对体绘制算法进行了深入研究,以提高大规模数据体绘制的效率和效果。一方面,依托硬件通过多处理器核来分担计算,降低单处理器核所要完成的计算量,是提高体绘制效率的一个有效途径。另一方面,充分发掘数据场内在特性对三维数据场进行约简,大幅减少绘制处理数据量从而降低算法开销,也是提高体绘制效率的一个有效途径。同时,在体绘制算法中融入特征分析和特征增强方法,让复杂物理特征从数据场中突显出来,以实现对科学数据的高质量绘制。本文对国内外体绘制技术相关研究进展进行了调研、综述,并分析了不同的研究方法,最后展望了未来体绘制技术研究的可能发展方向,包括应用驱动的特征体绘制、基于特征的约简体绘制、适应硬件的体绘制多级加速以及原位智能化体绘制等。     

一种基于虚拟阵元的超波束形成方法

针对超波束形成方法(Hyper Beam-forming,HBF)在实际应用中的不稳定问题,依据阵元间协方差矩阵同一斜对角线上不同元素具有相同相位差的特点,提出了一种基于虚拟阵元的超波束形成方法(Hyper Beam-forming Based on Virtual Array Element,VAEHBF)。该方法按互相关法对接收阵进行虚拟扩展;按HBF思想分子阵分裂波束形成;对分裂波束形成结果进行合成,得到改善的超波束形成结果。数值仿真和实测数据处理结果表明,相比HBF方法,该方法通过对接收阵进行虚拟扩展,在保持分辨力不变的情况下,可进一步提高合成波束增益,对信噪比的适应能力得到了3 dB提高,提高了HBF的目标检测性能及方位估计能力。     

基于模型预测控制的无人机避障路径规划方法

针对无人机飞行过程中避障问题,提出了一种基于模型预测控制的无人机避障路径规划方法。通过对无人机平台模型进行分析,构造了无人机状态空间预测模型。为保证路径规划过程输出的平稳性,采用一阶指数变化形式作为无人机飞行路径的参考轨迹。设计了预测模型调整策略,并给出了参数调整流程,以能力-时间组合最优为目标,建立了无人机避障路径优化模型,采用有限时域优化的滚动优化算法对无人机避障优化模型进行了求解。算例仿真结果表明,该算法可有效解决无人机飞行路径的避障问题。     

南疆阿拉尔垦区九团流动人口基本势态分析

由于自然资源禀赋差异的存在,部分省份的流动人口在利益的驱使下移入南疆垦区.他们是本地三产的主力,对边疆的稳定和发展做出了贡献.本文采用了实证的方法研究了这些人员的基本结构、流动原因、流动率及其社会形态,使他们的生存环境得到改善,安心屯垦戍边.     

舰载箔条冲淡干扰效果在线评估方法

针对作战应用时电子对抗干扰效果的在线评估问题,以舰载箔条冲淡干扰为例,提出基于我方干扰装备和被保护目标的实际状态和预期状态的差别进行评估。具体思路是综合考虑干扰弹发射延误、是否出现哑弹等作战使用因素对干扰成功概率的影响,结合舰载箔条冲淡干扰的干扰成功概率理论模型,实现干扰效果的在线评估。仿真结果表明,新方法对干扰效果的评估更具有实际应用价值。     

Flexible capacity strategy in an asymmetric oligopoly market with competition and demand uncertainty

This article studies flexible capacity strategy (FCS) under oligopoly competition with uncertain demand. Each firm utilizes either the FCS or inflexible capacity strategy (IFCS). Flexible firms can postpone their productions until observing the actual demand, whereas inflexible firms cannot. We formulate a new asymmetrical oligopoly model for the problem, and obtain capacity and production decisions of the firms at Nash equilibrium. It is interesting to verify that cross‐group competition determines the capacity allocation between the two groups of firms, while intergroup competition determines the market share within each group. Moreover, we show that the two strategies coexist among firms only when cost differentiation is medium. Counterintuitively, flexible firms benefit from increasing production cost when the inflexible competition intensity is sufficiently high. This is because of retreat of inflexible firms, flexibility effect, and the corresponding high price. We identify conditions under which FCS is superior than IFCS. We also demonstrate that flexible firms benefit from increasing demand uncertainty. However, when demand variance is not very large, flexible firms may be disadvantaged. We further investigate the effects of cross‐group and intergroup competition on individual performance of the firms. We show that as flexible competition intensity increases, inflexible firms are mainly affected by the cross‐group competition first and then by the intergroup competition, whereas flexible firms are mainly affected by the intergroup competition. Finally, we examine endogenous flexibility and identify its three drivers: cost parameters, cross‐group competition, and intergroup competition. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 64: 117–138, 2017     

不确定条件下装备器材供应网规划模型

装备器材供应网是装备器材供应保障工作的重要基石,其规划问题是我军装备器材保障过程的重要战略决策之一。针对节点、边和需求的不确定性,对不确定条件下由多个区域供应子网构成的装备器材供应网的规划问题展开研究。针对问题的特点,用区间分析理论对供应网规划中的不确定性因素进行度量和运算,得到不确定性规划模型,通过区间运算转化,将不确定性模型转化为确定性混合整数规划模型,并设计采用基于禁忌搜索算法的两阶段算法进行求解,分别得到了不同参数设置下的模型求解结果,并将所用算法与模糊规划和随机规划算法的求解结果进行了比较分析。实例分析结果表明所建立的模型和算法具有较强的实用性。     

Does military spending promote social welfare? A comparative analysis of the BRICS and G7 countries

Whether military spending is capable of promoting social welfare is currently a controversial issue. The aim of this paper is to investigate how military spending affects the input and output of social welfare (i.e. social welfare expenditures and social welfare index). A panel cointegration analysis and an impulse response function are conducted with multi-country panel data, over two time periods, 1998–2011 and 1993–2007. In addition, to extend a comparative analysis over different economies, BRICS (i.e. Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) and G7 (i.e. the US, Japan, Germany, the UK, France, Italy, Canada) countries are selected as representatives of emerging economies and developed countries, respectively. The empirical results show that military spending enhances social welfare expenditures in developed countries, while the effect is ambiguous in emerging economies. Also, military spending is capable of promoting the social welfare index based on the FMOLS estimation. The comparative analyses indicate that unlike in the G7, the effect of the growth of military spending on the growth of social welfare expenditures is negative and shorter in the BRICS.     

Defense–Growth Causality: Considerations of Regime-Switching and Time- and Country-Varying Effects

This paper develops a panel smooth transition vector autoregressive model to investigate the economic growth–defense causality. This model simultaneously resolves the estimation problems of endogeneity, heterogeneity, and nonlinearity. Empirical results support that the causality is bidirectional, nonlinear, time- and country-varying. Economic growth has a negative impact on military spending and vice versa. The larger the HDI, the smaller the negative causality. Evidently, the increase in the level of country development can reduce the negative impact of military outlays on economic growth. Reducing the ratio of military spending to GDP is beneficial for countries with low HDI scores; however, moderately increasing the share of military expenditure is favorable for countries with extremely high HDI scores. Policy authority needs to set optimal education, health, and economic development shares of GDP for purchasing a maximum economic growth rate.     

预燃室内气氢气氧射流燃烧过程数值分析

建立了液体火箭发动机预燃室内气氢气氧射流燃烧过程的数学模型,包括燃烧过程控制守恒方程、湍流流动方程和湍流燃烧模型,以及求解控制方程所需的辅助关系式;给出了模拟射流燃烧过程的数值方法。对于给定的预燃室结构型式和尺寸,研究了喷嘴构型和氧的喷射方式对化学反应流场和燃烧性能的影响规律。结果表明,喷嘴构型和氧的喷射方式对流动过程和燃烧性能都有影响,且喷嘴结构的影响较为明显。