Adaptive control of track tension estimation using radial basis function neural network

Track tension is a major factor influencing the reliability of a track. In order to reduce the risk of track peel-off, it is necessary to keep track tension constant. However, it is difficult to measure the dynamic tension during off-road operation. Based on the analysis of the relation and external forces depending on free body diagrams of the idler, idler arm, road wheel and road arm, a theoretical estimation model of track tension is built. Comparing estimation results with multibody dynamics simulation results, the rationality of track tension monitor is validated. By the aid of this monitor, a track tension control system is designed, which includes a self-tuning proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller based on radial basis function neural network, an electro-hydraulic servo system and an idler arm. The tightness of track can be adjusted by turning the idler arm. Simulation results of the vehicle starting process indicate that the controller can reach different expected tensions quickly and accurately. Compared with a traditional PID controller, the proposed controller has a stronger anti-disturbance ability by amending control pa-rameters online.     

The mechanism of liquid dispersing from a cylinder driven by central dynamic shock loading

A systematic investigation on the mechanism of dynamic liquid dispersing process via theoretical and experimental approach is presented. The experiments include weak and strong constrained scenarios using the high-speed camera technique and the flash X-ray radiography technique. Based on dynamic analysis, one-dimensional characteristics analysis and some numerical simulations on the propagating processes of blast waves before the container shell rupturing, further and detailed analyses of the experimental results are presented. The effects of the liquid viscosity on the dynamic dispersing flow are also analyzed, and the spall fracture mechanism is explored. Thus, the dominating forces determining the dispersing liquid flow are revealed, that is, the stretching and shearing action due to the interaction of two reflecting rarefaction waves in opposite propagating directions. The influence of container shell strength on the dispersing liquid flow is also investigated, and the characters of cavitation layered in liquid before shell rupturing are uncovered. Results revealed that different shell material results in different cavitating layers. Then the different cavitating layers drive the different dynamic liquid dispersing process coming into being. The metastable liquid states caused by pressure drop and cavi-tation generation are discussed.     

Hypersonic impact flash characteristics of a long-rod projectile collision with a thin plate target

Impact flash occurs when objects collide at supersonic speeds and can be used for real-time damage assessment when weapons rely on kinetic energy to destroy targets.However,the mechanism of impact flash remains unclear.A series of impact flash experiments of flat-head long-rod projectiles impacting thin target plates were performed with a two-stage light gas gun.The impact flash spectra for 6061 aluminum at 1.3-3.2 km/s collision speeds were recorded with a high-speed camera,a photoelectric sensor,and a time-resolved spectrometer.The intensity of the impact flash exhibited a pulse charac-teristic with time.The intensity(I)increased with impact velocity(V0)according to I∝Vn0,where n = 4.41 for V0 ＞ 2 km/s.However,for V0 ＜ 2 km/s,n = 2.21,and the intense flash duration is an order of magnitude less than that of higher V0.When V0 ＞ 2 km/s,a continuous spectrum(thermal radiation background)was observed and increased in intensity with V0.However,for V0 ＜ 2 km/s,only atomic line spectra were detected.There was no aluminum spectral lines for V0 ＜ 2 km/s,which indicated that it had not been vaporized.The initial intense flash was emission from excited and ionized ambient gases near the impact surface,and had little relationship with shock temperature rise,indicating a new mechanism of impact flash.     

Numerical investigation on cooling performance of filter in a pyrotechnic gas generator

As a key part of the pyrotechnic gas generator,the filter not only removes the particulate matter but also cools the hot gas to a safe level.This paper aims to improve the understanding of the basic heat and flow phenomenon in the gas generator.The pyrotechnic gas generator is modelling by a simplified filter structure with fiber arrays.A finite-volume model of the heat and fluid flow is proposed to simulate the detailed multi-dimensional flow and energy conversion behaviors.Several verification results are in good agreement with data in different references.Simulation results demonstrate that the filter can not only absorb heat from the gas but also cause the high intensity enhancement of the heat transfer.The per-formance difference between inline and staggered arrays is also discussed.The findings of the study put a further prediction tool for the understanding and design of the filter system with fibers.     

Research and development on hypervelocity impact protection using Whipple shield: An overview

Whipple shield, a dual-wall system, as well as its improved structures, is widely applied to defend the hypervelocity impact of space debris (projectile). This paper reviews the studies about the mechanism and process of protection against hypervelocity impacts using Whipple shield. Ground-based experiment and numerical simulation for hypervelocity impact and protection are introduced briefly. Three steps of the Whipple shield protection are discussed in order, including the interaction between the projectile and bumper, the movement and diffusion of the debris cloud, and the interaction between the debris cloud and rear plate. Potential improvements of the protection performance focusing on these three steps are presented. Representative works in the last decade are mentioned specifically. Some prospects and suggestions for future studies are put forward.     

基于自适应Kalman滤波算法的航空发动机可测参数及其偏离量估计

针对采用估计可测参数偏离量建立航空发动机机载自适应模型的方案中,可测参数偏离量估计的问题,引入了CA(Constant Acceleration)模型,建立了简化的可测参数状态方程和测量方程,采用自适应Kalman滤波算法直接估计可测参数,由估计出的可测参数与发动机非线性模型计算的额定值之差,获得可测参数偏离量.为解决因简化的状态模型系统误差较大,采用标准Kalman滤波会出现估计严重偏离真值的问题,分析了标准Kalman滤波准则和状态模型误差对滤波结果的影响,采用动态调整状态预报在滤波估计结果中权重的策略,给出了单因子自适应Kalman滤波算法准则及递推公式,使滤波估计准确.对不同的可测参数分别采取序列滤波的方法,减少了运算量.以仿真产生的发动机测量数据为例,对系统模型和所设计的算法进行验证,计算结果表明,所设计的滤波算法具有很快的收敛速度和计算速度,结果优于标准Kalman滤波算法,具有更好的估计精度和一定的工程应用价值.     

复杂适应系统理论与信息化战争研究

战争系统是典型的复杂巨系统之一,对战争系统的研究是系统科学研究的一个重要分支。文章首先研究了复杂适应系统的概念及其7个基本属性,然后从相互作用、战争手段的多样性以及不确定性三个方面对信息化战争复杂性的产生原因进行了探讨,并分析了信息化战争复杂性的三个重要表现形式,即非线性、涌现性和流动性。最后分别从作战理论研究、战争模拟以及战法改进三个方面分析了复杂适应系统理论的应用。     

防空C4ISR系统指挥引导成功率的一种算法

基于防空C4ISR系统试验和评估,给出了一种指挥引导成功率的计算方法.依据指挥引导高度误差的不同要求,分别定义了二维指挥引导成功区和三维指挥引导成功区.通过对指挥引导散布现象的分析,说明了指挥引导点的分布特性,并且应用概率论和数理统计理论给出了指挥引导成功率的计算方法.通过仿真计算,证明了该算法的正确性和实用性.     

一种基于Hausdorff距离的景象匹配算法

Hausdorff距离是一种比较点集的最大的最小距离。以边缘信息为特征点,给出了一种基于Hausdorff距离的景象匹配算法,它利用模板来简化计算Hausdorff距离。从仿真结果可以看出:具有较高的匹配精度。     

使用FPGA设计高可靠SpaceWire路由器

为了提高系统的可靠性和可用性,提出一种基于静态随机存取存储器（Static Random-Access Memory,SRAM）型现场可编程门阵列（Field-Programmable Gate Array, FPGA）的SpaceWire路由器设计方法。路由器通过系统级三模冗余技术加固,采用基于位流重定位的动态部分刷新技术修复系统中发生的软故障,并提出一种基于工作输入和健康现态的实时状态同步方法,以确保故障模块修复后的状态与其他模块同步。因此,该系统能够进行错误掩蔽和自我修复。在Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA开发板ML507上对所提出的路由器系统结构和设计方法进行实现和验证。实验结果表明,路由器的可靠性和可用性显著增加,且系统的实时性很好,能保证路由器在整个工作过程中提供正常服务而不会引起系统功能中断或延迟;位流重定位技术的采用将所需存储空间减少三分之二,同时也降低了原始位流本身故障的可能性。