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471.
Initial provisioning decisions (inventory stocking requirements) for low demand items often have to be made without much knowledge of what future demand rates will be. When the nature of an item is such that little demand for it is expected, the problem of whether to stock initially or risk not stocking the item is most critical. This report discusses this problem and presents decision procedures which can be used to handle this aspect of initial provisioning. The procedures relate an item's provisioning desirability to its provisioning characteristics, such as expected cost, expected resupply time, current information on its likely demand rate, and to an overall operating policy or criterion. The criterion function measures the total system degredation as a function of the events of having items out of stock when demand occurs. Several different policy functions are discussed and the provisioning decision rules which apply to each are presented. Demand rate information is handled through a Bayesian type approach. The decision rules presented in this report can be utilized to either determine stocking requirements within a budgetary constraint, or determine the relative stocking desirability on an item-by-item basis. 相似文献
472.
473.
A cost-based composite scheduling rule is developed and evaluated in comparison with three other well-researched scheduling rules—SPT, S/OPN, and SST. This cost rule permits the optimization of more than one performance measure at a time. The priority number that is used for scheduling operations through each machine group is based on four separate performance measures—(1) In-process Inventory, (2) Facilities Utilization, (3) Lateness, and (4) Mean Setup Time. The factorial experimental design involved three factor levels of loads, three factor levels of cost, and three factor levels of mean time. Analysis of variance was performed on each of the five output measures to study the effects of each of the three factors on each individual rule. Rank-order comparisons between rules were also made; and, finally, general conclusions with regard to the effectiveness and flexibility of the Cost Rule were drawn. 相似文献
474.
Consider the problem of computing an offset circle probability under a normal distribution. One approach is to utilize an infinite series representation in which case it is important to have rapid convergence and a good upper bound on the error introduced by consideration of only a finite number of terms of the series. We relate three seemingly different series representations. In particular we show how two series representations for the bivariate case can be obtained by specializing more general results of Harold Ruben. 相似文献
475.
This paper considers sequential test procedures to decision problems where there exists time delays in obtaining observations. 相似文献
476.
David C. Dellinger 《海军后勤学研究》1971,18(3):357-378
A linear programming application for the selection of aircraft for a tactical airlift fleet is described. 相似文献
477.
William C. Guenther 《海军后勤学研究》1971,18(4):531-542
Procedures are described which yield single and double sample Dodge-Romig [1] lot tolerance percent defective (LTPD) rectifying inspection plans. For the determination of such plans only a desk calculator and standard tables of the discrete probability distributions are required. Some advantages gained by using these procedures rather than the Dodge-Romig table include: (a) The Consumer's Risk is not limited to 0.10. (b) More choices of LTPD are available. (c) Smaller average total inspection is achieved by using a plan designed for specific “process average” and lot size rather than a compromise plan designed to cover intervals on these two parameters. 相似文献
478.
Craig C. Sherbrooke 《海军后勤学研究》1968,15(2):189-203
This paper discusses the properties of positive, integer valued compound Poisson processes and compares two members of the family: the geometric Poisson (stuttering Poisson) and the logarithmic Poisson. It is shown that the geometric Poisson process is particularly convenient when the analyst is interested in a simple model for the time between events, as in simulation. On the other hand, the logarithmic Poisson process is more convenient in analytic models in which the state probabilities (probabilities for the number of events in a specified time period) are required. These state probabilities have a negative binomial distribution. The state probabilities of the geometric Poisson process, known as the geometric Poisson distribution, are tabled for 160 sets of parameter values. The values of mean demand range from 0.10 to 10; those for variance to mean ratio from 1.5 to 7. It is observed that the geometric Poisson density is bimodal. 相似文献
479.
The transportation model with supplies (Si) and demands (Di) treated as bounded variables developed by Charnes and Klingman is extended to the case where the Si and Di are independently and uniformly distributed random variables. Chance constraints which require that demand at the jth destination will be satisfied with probability at least βi and that stockout at the ith origin will occur with probability less than αi are imposed. Conversion of the chance constraints to their linear equivalents results in a transportation problem with one more row and column than the original with some of the new arcs capacitated. The chance-constrained formulation is extended to the transshipment problem. 相似文献
480.
An investigation via simulation of system performance of two stage queues in series (single server, first-come, first-served) under the assumption of correlated exponential service times indicates that the system's behavior is quite sensitive to departures from the traditional assumption of mutually independent service times, especially at higher utilizations. That service times at the various stages of a tandem queueing system for a given customer should be correlated is intuitively appealing and apparently not at all atypical. Since tandem queues occur frequently, e.g. production lines and the logistics therewith associated, it is incumbent on both the practitioner and the theoretician that they be aware of the marked effects that may be induced by correlated service times. For the case of infinite interstage storage, system performance is improved by positive correlation and impaired by negative correlation. This change in system performance is reversed however for zero interstage storage and depends on the value of the utilization rate for the case where interstage storage equals unity. The effect due to correlation is shown to be statistically significant using spectral analytic techniques. For correlation equal unity and infinite interstage storage, results are provided for two through twenty-five stages in series to suggest how adding stages affects system performance for ρ>0. In this extreme case of correlation, adding stages has an effect on system performance which depends markedly on the utilization rate. Recursive formulae for the waiting time per customer for the cases of zero, one, and infinite interstage storage are derived. 相似文献