Robust tower location for code division multiple access networks

Designing Code Division Multiple Access networks includes determining optimal locations of radio towers and assigning customer markets to the towers. In this paper, we describe a deterministic model for tower location and a stochastic model to optimize revenue given a set of constructed towers. We integrate these models in a stochastic integer programming problem with simple recourse that optimizes the location of towers under demand uncertainty. We develop algorithms using Benders' reformulation, and we provide computational results. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

Trading coups for civil war

This paper investigates civil conflict as a product of the survival strategies of African leaders. Specifically, the paper offers a theory of risk substitution that predicts coup-fearing leaders will undermine the military effectiveness of the state when making an effort to extend their own tenure. While ‘coup-proofing’ practices have often been noted as contributors to political survival, considerably less attention has been paid to the influence of these strategies on other forms of conflict. Utilising data from a number of cross-national datasets, the analyses show that having a higher number of ‘coup-proofing’ counterweights significantly worsens a state's civil conflict prospects. A brief consideration of multiple episodes of conflict further suggests that in addition to coup-proofing undermining the counterinsurgency capacity of the state, some leaders are simply indifferent to – or can even potentially benefit from – the existence of an insurgency.     

一类二阶椭圆型边值问题正解的唯一性

文中讨论了一类二阶椭圆型边值问题正解的唯一性。削弱了文献[1]中主要定理的条件,并将其推广到一般光滑区域,所用方法主要是对格林函数的精细估计。     

一类典型多态关联系统的可靠性定性性质

定义了一种典型的多态关联系统逻辑结构，该类系统在工程实践中有一定的应用范围。由于这类系统的结构比较特殊，因此有比较优良的定性性质，而可靠性分析中，最小路集求解是定性分析最主要的研究内容之一。针对这种结构的系统，研究了相应的最小路集求解方法，这种方法的运算量远小于一般系统最小路集求解方法的运算量。     

应用瞬时谱分析方法验证近炸引信的数字仿真模型

在分析某型近炸引信的工作原理和数字仿真模型的基础上，应用瞬时谱方法分析多普勒信号的瞬时平均频率，验证了近炸引信的数字仿真模型。结果表明瞬时谱是分析多普勒信号这类时变频非平稳随机信号的有效方法。     

基于模糊熵与方向相似度的液体火箭发动机故障检测

先定义系统的广义模糊熵及其计算公式，再给出滑动数据窗口中采样数据矢量方向分布中心的离散度定义及其与模糊熵之间的负指数解析关系，并基于离散度概念对自适应窗口滤波器进行了改进，提高了滤波器对噪声的敏感度以及故障检测算法对强干扰噪声环境的鲁棒性。同时，根据滑动数据窗口中二模糊聚类数据中心矢量方向相似度的变化来监示发动机系统故障的发展趋势。本文基于受强噪声环境干扰的实际试车数据并用自组织模糊聚类算法作为滑动数据窗口上的聚类算法进行了数字仿真试验。仿真结果表明：基于模糊熵的故障检测算法具有对强噪声环境的鲁棒性，是低信噪比环境下的一种客观的故障检测算法。     

多态关联系统结构特性分析

可靠性分析中，系统的结构函数有两方面的作用，一方面是结合部件可靠度求得系统的可靠度，另一方面是由结构函数分析系统的结构特性。本文通过构造结构函数的差分运算，从系统的结构稳定性、状态吸收能力和结构重要度三个方面对后者进行了讨论。     

Initiatives in Africa

Since the 1st oil crisis in 1973, the economies of sub-Saharan Africa have barely kept pace with their burgeoning populations. Women in Sub-Saharan Africa give birth more often than women in any other region of the world, with an average of more than 6.5 live births each. The region's natural increase average 2.5% a year in the 1960s, 2.7% in the 1970s, and in the mid-1980s, it is 3.1% per annum--a rate that will double the regions population in 22 years. National leaders in Sub-Saharan Africa were slow to consider population policy as a key component of the social and economic development effort. The neglect of population issues is reflected in the limited scope of public or private family planning programs in the sub-continent. Donor countries and institutions play an important role in developing the information base by providing technical training to government staff, supporting research, and disseminating information to a broad spectrum of political actors. Some examples of policy reconsiderations in Nigeria, Zambia, Liberia, and Niger are given. These countries are starting to give active consideration to population policies to reduce fertility and high rates of population growth by expanding family planning services, raising the age of marriage, improving the status of women, providing family-life education, and incorporating economic incentives for smaller families into the provision of social services. The highly centralized nature of African governments dictates that the acquiescence of the governmental elite must be obtained before any policy can take hold. Overall, high population growth rates in combination with a stagnating social and economic development effort throughout the region have provided the catalyst for a new look at Sub-Saharan Africa population policy. The ability of African nations to implement policies that reduce fertility is more open to question; no African nation has as yet done so, and the socioeconomics factors contributing to high fertility remain strong.