艰难的“氢弹决策”

第二次世界大战后,美苏展开了长达40余年的冷战,以核武器为重要标志的军备竞赛,如同“达摩克利斯之剑”,将全世界都笼罩在“第三次世界大战”、“核冬天”的阴影之下。1950年1月,美国总统杜鲁门作出研发氢弹的决定,成为一项在整个冷战期间具有里程碑意义的战略决策。     

System comparison procedures for automatic target recognition systems

Estimating the performance of an automatic target recognition (ATR) system in terms of its probability of successfully identifying a target involves extensive image collection and processing, which can be very time‐consuming and expensive. Therefore, we investigate the Wald sequential test for the difference in two proportions as a sample size‐reducing alternative to ranking and selection procedures and confidence intervals. An analysis of the test parameters leads to a practical methodology for implementing the Wald test for fairly comparing two systems, based on specific experimental goals. The test is also extended with the modified, sequentially rejective Bonferroni procedure for the multiple pairwise comparison of more than two systems. Two sampling schemes for different experimental goals are also discussed. The test methodology is applied to actual data to compare different configurations of a specific ATR system, with the results demonstrating that the modified Wald sequential procedure is a useful alternative to comparing proportions with confidence intervals, particularly when data are expensive. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 46: 357–371, 1999     

The residual life of the renewal process: A simple algorithm

We develop a simple algorithm, which does not require convolutions, for computing the distribution of the residual life when the renewal process is discrete. We also analyze the algorithm for the particular case of lattice distributions, and we show how it can apply to an inventory problem. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 46: 435–443, 1999     

A heuristic approach to bicriteria scheduling

We consider the problem of sequencing jobs on a single machine while minimizing a nondecreasing function of two criteria. We develop a heuristic procedure that quickly finds a good solution for bicriteria scheduling. The procedure is based on using several arcs in the criterion space that are representative of the possible locations of nondominated solutions. By sampling a small number of points on these arcs, a promising point is identified in the criterion space for each arc. An efficient sequence in the neighborhood of each of the promising points is found and the best of these efficient sequences is selected as the heuristic solution. We implement the procedure for two different bicriteria scheduling problems: (i) minimizing total flowtime and maximum tardiness and (ii) minimizing total flowtime and maximum earliness. The computational experience on a wide variety of problem instances show that the heuristic approach is very robust and yields good solutions. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 46: 777–789, 1999     

System availability in a gamma alternating renewal process

We measure the effectiveness of a repairable system by the proportion of time the system is on, where on-time and off-times are assumed independent and both gamma-distributed. This measure is helpful for system planning and control in the short term, before the steady-state is reached, and its mean value is intermediary between instantaneous and steady-state availabilities. We also present other significant results concerning the Gamma Alternating Renewal Process. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 46: 822–844, 1999     

面向混部云失败批处理作业的预测算法

为了降低混部云失败批处理作业的风险,使用K-means聚类算法将批处理作业分为四类,在分类的基础上提出了二层嵌套分类模型(two-layer nested classification model, TLNM),实现了基于TLNM的预测算法。基于Ali Trace 2018数据集上的实验结果表明,该算法的接受者操作特性(receiver operating characteristic, ROC)曲线明显优于其他常用分类器,ROC曲线下面积(即AUC)可以达到0.978,表明该算法具有良好的分类性能。同时召回率可以达到0.951,通过混淆矩阵可以看出TLNM算法能够准确预测出执行失败的批处理作业。     

基于非线性Kalman滤波的导航系统误差补偿技术

针对非线性非高斯导航系统信息处理问题,采用自组织算法、神经网络和遗传算法等改进传统非线性Kalman滤波算法,构建一种自适应的组合导航系统。应用具有冗余趋势项的自组织算法、Volterra神经网络和遗传算法,建立导航系统误差的非线性预测模型,进而计算得到其预测值;将该预测值与Kalman滤波算法求得的估计值进行比较得到差值,以此监测Kalman滤波算法的工作状态;采用自适应控制方法,在导航系统结构层面改进Kalman滤波算法,构建新型的导航系统误差补偿模型。开展基于导航系统KIND-34的半实物仿真研究,应用所提出的改进方法改善了导航系统误差的补偿效果,提高了组合导航系统的自适应能力和容错能力。