运动与血脂

血脂代谢异常是造成心血管等许多疾病的重要原因。运动能够不同程度的改善机体血脂状况。运动对血脂的影响包括几个方面,本文主要在运动对总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-c)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-c)、ApoA、ApoB的影响方面给予综述。     

联合仿真技术在车辆半主动悬架系统模糊控制中的应用

运用EASY5建立了阻尼可调减振器模型,运用机械系统分析软件ADAMS建立了悬架的机械系统模型,运用MATLAB建立了基于模糊算法的控制模型,从而实现半主动悬架的建模和联合仿真.结果表明,基于模糊算法的半主动悬架能够很好地降低车辆的振动,提高车辆行驶的平顺性;同时表明联合仿真在研究半主动悬架技术上是可行的,为机电液一体的复杂系统的建模和仿真提供了新的思路.     

坦克炮控系统的反演滑模鲁棒摩擦补偿控制

坦克炮控系统存在低速摩擦,摩擦环节不但造成系统的稳态误差,而且导致极限环振荡、低速爬行等现象。为此提出基于反演理论的滑模鲁棒控制方法,通过Lyapunov稳定理论获得控制量。仿真结果表明该设计方法优于经典设计,为炮控系统实际设计提供了一种可行的方法。     

某式手枪枪管断裂失效分析

某式手枪枪管在组装前的高压试验中不断出现断裂.断口呈脆性特征,靠近内表面裂源部分(脆性断裂区)呈沿晶断裂形态,并发现有腐蚀产物,中间过渡区(裂纹扩展区)呈准解理 韧窝 沿晶形态,接近外表面部分(瞬断区)呈准解理 韧窝形态.分析结果显示断裂主要是应力腐蚀裂纹导致.枪管变形后的校正造成内表面有残余应力,为应力腐蚀提供了应力条件;除锈使用了酸洗工艺,为应力腐蚀提供了腐蚀条件.采取相应措施后,彻底避免了同样失效的发生.     

一种Cu基自蔓延焊笔焊接Q235和45钢焊缝的组织与性能

利用研制的一种可焊接6～10 mm厚钢结构件的Cu基自蔓延焊笔,焊接了10 mm厚的Q235钢和45钢,研究了其焊缝的组织形貌和性能,发现焊缝与基体间存在熔合区,焊缝属于熔焊焊接.焊缝的拉伸强度达282 MPa,弯曲强度达628 MPa,冲击韧度为46.43 J/cm2;焊缝显微硬度达HV0.1230,熔合区显微硬度达HV0.1255.6,高于基体热影响区的硬度.     

联合作战实验组织实施方法

联合作战实验组织实施方法是综合集成理论在联合作战实验领域的应用成果。首先论述实验模式、实验阶段划分,然后论述实验人员的职责分工、作战实验的组织实施方法,最后给出联合作战实验组织实施示例。     

The impact of demand uncertainty on product line design under endogenous substitution

The existing product line design literature devotes little attention to the effect of demand uncertainty. Due to demand uncertainty, the supply‐demand mismatch is inevitable which leads to different degrees of lost sales depending on the configuration of product lines. In this article, we adopt a stylized two‐segment setup with uncertain market sizes and illustrate the interplay between two effects: risk pooling that mitigates the impact of demand uncertainty and market segmentation that facilitates consumer differentiation. Compared to downward substitution, inducing bidirectional substitution through product line decisions including quality levels and prices can yield greater risk pooling effects. However, we show that the additional benefit from the risk pooling effect cannot compensate for the reduced market segmentation effect. We demonstrate that the presence of demand uncertainty can reduce the benefit of market segmentation and therefore the length of product lines in terms of the difference between products. We also propose three heuristics that separate product line and production decisions; each of these heuristics corresponds to one particular form of demand substitution. Our numerical studies indicate that the best of the three heuristics yields performance that is close to optimality. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 143–157, 2015     

Technical note – operational statistics: Properties and the risk‐averse case

Consider a repeated newsvendor problem for managing the inventory of perishable products. When the parameter of the demand distribution is unknown, it has been shown that the traditional separated estimation and optimization (SEO) approach could lead to suboptimality. To address this issue, an integrated approach called operational statistics (OS) was developed by Chu et al., Oper Res Lett 36 (2008) 110–116. In this note, we first study the properties of this approach and compare its performance with that of the traditional SEO approach. It is shown that OS is consistent and superior to SEO. The benefit of using OS is larger when the demand variability is higher. We then generalize OS to the risk‐averse case under the conditional value‐at‐risk (CVaR) criterion. To model risk from both demand sampling and future demand uncertainty, we introduce a new criterion, called the total CVaR, and find the optimal OS under this new criterion. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 206–214, 2015     

Optimal pricing and scheduling control of product shipping

In this article, we seek to understand how a capacity‐constrained seller optimally prices and schedules product shipping to customers who are heterogeneous on willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to wait (WTW). The capacity‐constrained seller does not observe each customer's WTP and WTW and knows only the aggregate distributions of WTP and WTW. The seller's problem is modeled as an M/M/N_s queueing model with multiclass customers and multidimensional information screening. We contribute to the literature by providing an optimal and efficient algorithm. Furthermore, we numerically find that customers with a larger waiting cost enjoys a higher scheduling priority, but customers with higher valuation do not necessarily get a higher scheduling priority. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 215–227, 2015     

冷阴极高阻抗相对论速调管放大器的模拟研究

采用粒子模拟软件,建立了冷阴极发射实心束的高阻抗相对论速调管放大器模型。该模型由1个带屏蔽环的二极管,5个简单药盒型谐振腔和1个锥形收集极构成。为了给具有高效率的高阻抗相对论速调管提供实心束,同时实现设备的简单化和紧凑化,采用冷阴极取代传统的热电子枪,不仅易操作而且大大降低能耗和经费。在传统二极管阴极侧面引入屏蔽环,利用屏蔽极大地提高电子束阻抗,同时屏蔽环的位置和形状能明显降低非发射区的场强,并且有效改善阴极端面发射的均匀性。在束波互作用区,通过依次调节末前腔和输出腔的位置并结合导引磁场的大小对输出的微波进行优化,结果表明:在二极管发射电压525k V、电流328A的实心束及外加磁场0.35T的条件下,当注入功率为1k W时,在11.424GHz的中心频率处获得了功率81MW,效率47%,增益49d B的微波。