Transformation of Military Ethics During the Zhou Dynasty in Ancient China

ABSTRACT

The transformation of the governance model from a rule of virtue to political realism in China has been a topic of great interest to scholars. In this study, I examine military culture during the Zhou Dynasty and investigate the changes in ethics based on factors such as cultural values, social customs, and political structure to understand the process by which moral values have changed as the governance model transformed from rule of virtue to political realism. I found that military ethics have changed from governance through the use of rituals during the Western Zhou Dynasty to what was called “deception makes an army” during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.     

Slow failure: Understanding America’s quagmire in Afghanistan

ABSTRACT

The United States government has no organised way of thinking about war termination other than seeking decisive military victory. This implicit assumption is inducing three major errors. First, the United States tends to select military-centric strategies that have low probabilities of success. Second, the United States is slow to modify losing or ineffective strategies due to cognitive obstacles, internal frictions, and patron-client challenges with the host nation government. Finally, as the U.S. government tires of the war and elects to withdraw, bargaining asymmetries prevent successful transitions (building the host nation to win on its own) or negotiations.     

Estimates of circular error probabilities

The general problem we are concerned with here is the estimation of P_θ(C) where C is some fixed event and P_θ is unknown in some class. The various available estimation procedures seem to involve the choice of some random probability measure. In particular we consider this problem when C is a disk in R² centered at o and P_θ is restricted to be bivariate normal. Details concerning the implementation of the estimation procedures and a Monte Carlo study are discussed for this case. This particular problem arises when we are concerned with assessing the accuracy of a targeting procedure.     

Robustness of preallocated preferential defense with assumed attack size and perfect attacking and defending weapons

The problem is to protect a set of t targets by n perfect interceptors against an attack by m perfect weapons. If the defender solves for an optimal preallocated preferential defense and associated game value assuming m₁ attackers, and the attacker knows the assumption of the defender and utilizes m₂ attackers, he may be able to achieve significantly more damage than had the defender assumed that there would be m₂ attackers. The article treats the robustness of preallocated preferential defense to assumptions about the size of the attack and presents results of an alternative approach.     

Transient behavior of large Markovian multiechelon repairable item inventory systems using a truncated state space approach

Calculations for large Markovian finite source, finite repair capacity two-echelon repairable item inventory models are shown to be feasible using the randomization technique and a truncated state space approach. More complex models (involving transportation pipelines, multiple-item types and additional echelon levels) are also considered.     

基于离散化模型的雷达优化配置与部署方法

雷达优化配置与部署问题存在模型复杂的问题,很难对其进行优化.提出了一种基于网格的离散化模型.雷达配置与部署的方案、雷达网对防区的覆盖能力以及雷达布站的约束条件都分别通过网格和矩阵进行了定量描述,在此基础上,建立了雷达优化配置与部署问题的数学模型.这样就可以采用模拟退火算法对该问题优化.仿真实验证明了该方法的有效性和可行性.     

RBF网络用于战车火控系统弹道解算的方法

弹道解算问题对战车火控系统的性能有着直接的影响.传统的弹道解算方法在精度和实时性方面都存在一定的局限性.为了提高解算精度、战车首发命中率和解算的实时性,基于RBF网络的函数逼近及预测能力,将RBF网络用于弹道解算,对传统算法进行优化,得到了新的弹道解算方法.最后对所提方法进行了仿真,发现新方法在解算精度没有降低的条件下,大大提高了弹道解算的实时性.     

UKF算法及其在纯方位目标跟踪中的应用

为克服扩展卡尔曼滤波算法的缺陷,将UKF算法应用于纯方位目标跟踪问题中.该算法是一种以扩展卡尔曼滤波算法为基本框架,以贝叶斯理论和UT变换为理论基础的新型滤波算法.对UKF算法进行了深入的研究,并给出了一个纯方位目标跟踪的算例.仿真结果表明,该算法提高了滤波的稳定性和精确性,优于一般的扩展卡尔曼滤波算法,具有广泛的应用前景.     

一种基于柔性形态学的红外图像分割方法

红外成像制导导弹的图像分割是图像处理中的重点和难点之一.提出了一种基于柔性形态学的红外图像分割算法,首先对目标红外图像进行柔性形态运算,然后在此基础之上采用模糊c均值聚类方法将图像转化为二值图像,从而得到比较精确的分割图像.最后,通过计算机模拟实验表明:该方法性能优于传统检测算子,并且具有抑制噪声的功能.此研究对于实现红外图像的稳定跟踪具有一定的应用价值.     

"解放思想、求真务实"的思想路线与改革开放30年的历史进程

改革开放30年是"解放思想、求真务实"思想路线胜利引领的历史进程。这一历史进程的思想提炼是:一个历史性贡献,把解放思想、求真务实概括为伟大旗帜的"精髓";一个时代性课题,靠解放思想、求真务实搞清楚社会主义的本质;一个创造性工程,在解放思想、求真务实指引下,"试"字当头,开拓新道路;一个方向性引领,将解放思想、求真务实转化为坚持"科学发展观",实现又好又快发展的大局。