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31.
Harvey M. Wagner 《海军后勤学研究》1979,26(3):377-392
Pathbreaking logistics research over the next 10 years will focus on systems problems. Whereas past research generally has taken a “bottom-up” approach, future investigations are likely to pursue a “top-down” philosophy. Specifically, attention will concentrate on diagnosis of systems' improvement potentials; easy-to-use analytic approaches, inherently approximative, will be devised for quickly ascertaining whether a complex operating system can be substantially and effectively improved. Theories to assist in overall systems design, particularly the setting of boundaries and buffers among systems components, will be developed. At the same time, techniques for accurately forecasting future systems performance will be investigated. Underlying such research will be efforts to gain better understanding of management information requirements, including approaches for monitoring systems performance and providing early warning detection of systems degradation Improved management information systems will have to be coupled with appropriate design of managerial organizations and assignment of decision making responsibilities. Important avenues of research will he development of robust approaches, that is, both mathematical techniques and organizational approaches that are not too adversely affected by limited data, a changing environment, and human frailly. Finally, critical research will be directed at the implementation process, especially the interaction among initiation, design, testing and ultimate adoption This prognosis will explore the above themes in the context of large-scale, complex systems. The decision areas will encompass inventory replenishment, multiechelon hierarchies for stockage and maintenance, procurement, transportation, scheduling, facilities planning, budgeting, reliability and personnel management. 相似文献
32.
This paper reconsiders the classical model for selling an asset in which offers come in daily and a decision must then be made as to whether or not to sell. For each day the item remains unsold a continuation (or maintenance cost) c is incurred. The successive offers are assumed to be independent and identically distributed random variables having an unknown distribution F. The model is considered both in the case where once an offer is rejected it may not be recalled at a later time and in the case where such recall of previous offers is allowed. 相似文献
33.
In this paper we discuss the properties of a Bilinear Programming problem, and develop a convergent cutting plane algorithm. The cuts involve only a subset of the variables and preserve the special structure of the constraints involving the remaining variables. The cuts are deeper than other similar cuts. 相似文献
34.
M. K. Rajaraman 《海军后勤学研究》1977,24(3):473-481
The problem of sequencing jobs on parallel processors when jobs have different available times, due dates, penalty costs and waiting costs is considered. The processors are identical and are available when the earliest job becomes available and continuously thereafter. There is a processor cost during the period when the processor is available for processing jobs. The proposed algorithm finds the sequence (or sequences) with minimum total cost (sum of waiting, penalty and processor costs.). A proof of the algorithm and numerical results are given. 相似文献
35.
Carl M. Harris 《海军后勤学研究》1976,23(4):653-662
This paper considers a traffic problem in which vehicles queue up according to a Poisson process on a single-lane entrance ramp prior to merging into a major stream of vehicular traffic. In order to then prevent the ramp queue from becoming too large, a model is proposed which considers a lowering of the critical gap as the ramp queue size increases. With the critical gap assumed to be a nonincreasing function of the number of vehicles on the ramp at instances that correspond to departure times of lead vehicles from the ramp queue, the resultant model is an M/G/1 queue with state-dependent service times. Some general results are obtained for this model and a specific case discussed in moderate detail. 相似文献
36.
Carl M. Harris 《海军后勤学研究》1976,23(1):169-175
In this note some extensions are made to previous work by a number of authors on the development of tests for exponentiality. The most recent example is due to Fercho and Ringer in which they compare the small sample powers of a few well-known test statistics for the hypothesis of a constant failure rate. It is the primary intent of this current work to extend Gnedenko's F test to situations with hypercensoring and to provide guidance for its use, particularly when a log-normal distribution is the alternative. 相似文献
37.
The ordered matrix flow shop problem with no passing of jobs is considered. In an earlier paper, the authors have considered a special case of the problem and have proposed a simple and efficient algorithm that finds a sequence with minimum makespan for a special problem. This paper considers a more general case. This technique is shown to be considerably more efficient than are existing methods for the conventional flow shop problems. 相似文献
38.
Paul M. McGarr 《战略研究杂志》2019,42(5):626-653
ABSTRACTThis article examines British responses to the Sino-Indian border war of 1962. It illustrates how, in the years leading up to the war, Britain’s colonial legacy in the Indian subcontinent saw it drawn reluctantly into a territorial dispute between Asia’s two largest and most powerful nations. It analyses disagreements in Whitehall between the Foreign Office and Commonwealth Relations Office over the relative strength of India and China’s border claims, and assesses how these debates reshaped British regional policy. It argues that the border war was instrumental in transforming Britain’s post-colonial relationship with South Asia. Continuing to filter relations with India through an imperial prism proved unsatisfactory, what followed was a more pragmatic Indo-British association. 相似文献
39.
We consider sequencing n jobs on a single machine subject to job completion times arising from either machine breakdowns or other causes. The objective is to minimize an expected weighted combination of due dates, completion times, earliness, and tardiness penalties. The determination of optimal distinct due dates or optimal common due dates for a given schedule is investigated. The scheduling problem for a fixed common due date is considered when random completion times arise from machine breakdowns. The optimality of a V-shaped about (a point) T sequence is established when the number of machine breakdowns follows either a Poisson or a geometric distribution and the duration of a breakdown has an exponential distribution. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
40.
We examine the problem of estimating the item fill rate in a periodic inventory system. We show that the traditional expressions for line item fill rate, found in many operations management textbooks, perform well for high fill rates (above 90%), but they consistently underestimate the true fill rate. The problem of underestimation becomes significant as the fill rate falls below 90% and is greatly amplified in cases with very low fill rates (below 50%). We review other more accurate expressions for fill rate, discussing their relative merits. We then develop an exact fill rate expression that is robust for both high and low fill rates. We compare the new expression to others found in the literature via an extensive set of simulation experiments using data that reflect actual inventory systems found at Hewlett-Packard. We also examine the robustness of the expressions to violations in the underlying assumptions. Finally, we develop an alternative fill rate expression that is robust for cases of high demand variability where product returns are allowed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献