Auctions in the post‐change‐order period

A change order is frequently initiated by either the supplier or the buyer, especially when the contract is long‐term or when the contractual design is complex. In response to a change order, the buyer can enter a bargaining process to negotiate a new price. If the bargaining fails, she pays a cancellation fee (or penalty) and opens an auction. We call this process the sequential bargaining‐auction (BA). At the time of bargaining, the buyer is uncertain as to whether the bargained price is set to her advantage; indeed, she might, or might not, obtain a better price in the new auction. To overcome these difficulties, we propose a new change‐order‐handling mechanism by which the buyer has an option to change the contractual supplier after bargaining ends with a bargained price. We call this the option mechanism. By this mechanism, the privilege of selling products or services is transferred to a new supplier if the buyer exercises the option. To exercise the option, the buyer pays a prespecified cash payment, which we call the switch price, to the original supplier. If the option is not exercised, the bargained price remains in effect. When a switch price is proposed by the buyer, the supplier decides whether or not to accept it. If the supplier accepts it, the buyer opens an auction. The option is exercised when there is a winner in the auction. This article shows how, under the option mechanism, the optimal switch price and the optimal reserve price are determined. Compared to the sequential BA, both the buyer and the supplier benefit. Additionally, the option mechanism coordinates the supply chain consisting of the two parties. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 248–265, 2015     

基于目标满意度的舰载直升机保障能力评估

针对目前我国舰载直升机保障能力评估方面存在数据不完整、评估指标权重不确定的问题,研究了基于目标满意度的舰载直升机保障能力评估方法。通过调研并参考陆基直升机的保障经验,构建了舰载直升机保障能力评估指标体系;在原始样本数据的基础上,以区间数形式给出权重范围,利用满意度模型对权重进行优化,最终得出评估结果,解决了在部分权重信息下、以满意度为评估目的的评估问题。实例分析表明:该方法实用性较强,适用于现阶段舰载直升机保障能力评估问题,具有一定的应用价值。     

雷达装备战场抢修支援分队调度决策研究

针对雷达装备战场抢修支援分队支援抢修多个现场的损伤雷达装备,以及抢修过程中可能出现其它现场损伤雷达装备请求支援抢修的调度问题,以实现每次支援抢修损伤雷达装备都获得最大的战斗力恢复率为目标,提出了一种类似于计算机中断过程的调度决策方法。调度决策中的抢修中断优先级判定方法,也可作为抢修支援分队确定支援抢修多个现场损伤雷达装备初始次序的依据。最后,通过实例应用验证了调度决策方法的实用性和可行性。     

Crane scheduling with spatial constraints

In this work, we examine port crane scheduling with spatial and separation constraints. Although common to most port operations, these constraints have not been previously studied. We assume that cranes cannot cross, there is a minimum distance between cranes and jobs cannot be done simultaneously. The objective is to find a crane‐to‐job matching which maximizes throughput under these constraints. We provide dynamic programming algorithms, a probabilistic tabu search, and a squeaky wheel optimization heuristic for solution. Experiments show the heuristics perform well compared with optimal solutions obtained by CPLEX for small scale instances where a squeaky wheel optimization with local search approach gives good results within short times. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.     

平面杆系结构内力包络图仿真优化与编程

讨论受任意集中力、集中力偶和线性分布力等复杂移动荷载作用下的平面杆系结构内力包络图仿真优化技术。借助平面杆系结构分析软件Vsap2011,分析了单元截面离散方式和荷载移动步长对内力包络图求解精度的影响。研究表明:为了获得较高的内力包络图求解精度,对于移动荷载经过的单元,截面必须按步细分;对于活载任意布置的单元,截面必须在荷载作用点之间再插入足够多的分点;对于不受荷载的单元,两端刚结的必须按距离细分,而含有一个以上铰结点的不必细分。此外,在步长接近或相差不大的情况下,如果步长既能整除荷载队列的间距,又能整除载荷载通过单元的长度,那么就可以提高内力包络图的求解精度。如果将单元长度和荷载队列间距的最大公约数作为步长,既可获得较高的内力包络图求解精度,又可大大节省计算机时。     

基于蛇怪蜥蜴踩水机理的仿生推进装置数值计算方法研究

为突破传统排水型两栖车辆“阻力墙”现象,提高两栖车辆水上航速,从蛇怪蜥蜴高速踏水机理出发,设计一种新型轮一叶复合式水上仿生推进装置,采用滑移网格和动网格方法对不同转速下的推进装置三维模型的动力学特性进行数值计算,并对仿真结果进行对比和分析．结果表明：滑移网格和动网格方法在计算结果上获得比较一致的结果,动网格方法更能反映模型的真实运动情况,而滑移网格方法在计算过程中表现出较好的稳定性,同时显著减少计算时间     

基于实体的指挥控制仿真建模

指挥控制是军队遂行军事任务的关键环节,对指挥控制过程进行建模并采用仿真的方法对其效能进行评估,进而考察指挥控制系统的典型效能指标是否符合预期的需求,具有重要的理论和应用意义。采用基于实体的仿真建模方法,提出指挥控制过程的实体仿真建模框架,以信息流为重点,从信息获取、信息融合、信息共享、自身任务规划、作战筹划、部队掌控、任务执行和信息输出等八个方面对其进行建模,实现了对指挥控制过程的描述,有效支撑了指挥控制系统仿真效能评估。     

基于最优打击序列的弹道导弹火力分配模型研究

针对弹道导弹火力计划的拟制过程进行研究。围绕效费比最大化目标,对目标打击序列的影响因素进行了分析,设计了打击目标排序算法;采用层次分析法对弹道导弹打击能力进行了分析,并对打击目标所使用的作战单位排序值进行了计算,建立了最优火力分配模型。该模型不仅可最大发挥作战单位的作战能力,而且满足以最小代价获取最佳打击效果。     

坚持以科学发展观谋求我军现代化建设跨越式发展

以胡锦涛为总书记的党中央提出的科学发展观对我军现代化建设跨越式发展有着重大的推动作用。坚持全面发展观,可以加强我军现代化建设跨越式发展的宏观规划;坚持协调发展观,可以科学处理我军现代化建设跨越式发展中的内外关系;坚持可持续发展观,可以建立健全我军现代化建设跨越式发展的动力机制;坚持以人为本的发展观,可以快速提升军事人才的综合素质。     

东条英机自杀析疑

东条英机异乎寻常的未遂自杀充满悬疑。他在一生中最后时刻精心出演的“自杀秀”与“被杀秀”,真正的目的是为了保存日本军国主义的精神支柱和价值观。