军队现代化建设必须以人为本

以人为本是科学发展观的核心,也是指导各项工作的世界观与方法论的集中体现。军队现代化建设坚持以人为本,有着三个相互联系的方面:一是以人为本需要正确处理人和武器的关系,在二者的辩证统一中加强军队现代化建设,是我们必须确立的科学建设理念;二是以人为本只有在军人特别是军官的素质与能力转化中才能得到凸显,这是贯彻以人为本重要的实践原则;三是以人为本还要正确把握军人个人利益与人民利益的联结,自觉无私奉献,坚守革命军人“全心全意为人民服务”的伟大价值取向。     

基于Gauss伪谱法和直接打靶法结合的月球定点着陆轨道优化

将一种求解最优控制问题的新方法—高斯伪谱法( Gauss Pseudospectral Method-GPM)和传统的直接打靶法有效结合,对月球着陆器定点软着陆轨道快速优化问题做出了研究.推导了高精度模型下着陆动力学方程.针对优化方法各自的特点和多约束条件下最优月球软着陆轨道设计的难点,提出了问题求解的串行优化策略:将控制变量和终端时间一同作为优化变量,同时离散控制变量与状态变量,取较少的Gauss节点,利用GPM求解初值,初值的求解采用从可行解到最优解的串行优化策略;在Gauss节点上离散控制变量,利用直接打靶法求解精确最优解.仿真结果表明,本文提出的轨道优化方法具有较强的鲁棒性和快速收敛性.     

基于 AR 模型和SPRT 检验法的过程状态监测

本文利用自适应卡尔曼滤波器原理建立机械系统过程监测模型—AR模型,并根据AR模型系数的变化可以表征系统过程状态这一特点,通过序贯概率比(SPRT)这一假设检验法,对机械系统的运行状况进行判别。实验表明,该方法行之有效,最后,本文给出了实验结果。     

Planning accelerated life tests for censored two‐parameter exponential distributions

We consider optimal test plans involving life distributions with failure‐free life, i.e., where there is an unknown threshold parameter below which no failure will occur. These distributions do not satisfy the regularity conditions and thus the usual approach of using the Fisher information matrix to obtain an optimal accelerated life testing (ALT) plan cannot be applied. In this paper, we assume that lifetime follows a two‐parameter exponential distribution and the stress‐life relationship is given by the inverse power law model. Near‐optimal test plans for constant‐stress ALT under both failure‐censoring and time‐censoring are obtained. We first obtain unbiased estimates for the parameters and give the approximate variance of these estimates for both failure‐censored and time‐censored data. Using these results, the variance for the approximate unbiased estimate of a percentile at a design stress is computed and then minimized to produce the near‐optimal plan. Finally, a numerical example is presented together with simulation results to study the accuracy of the approximate variance given by the proposed plan and show that it outperforms the equal‐allocation plan. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 46: 169–186, 1999     

A note on parallel machine replacement

Jones, Zydiak, and Hopp [1] consider the parallel machine replacement problem (PMRP), in which there are both fixed and variable costs associated with replacing machines. Increasing maintenance cost motivates replacements, and a fixed replacement cost provides incentive for replacing machines of the same age in clusters. They prove two intuitive but important results for finite- or infinite-horizon PMRPs, which significantly reduce the size of the linear programming (LP) formulation of the problem and computing efforts required to obtain an optimal replacement policy. Their results are the no-splitting rule (NSR) and the older cluster replacement rule (OCRR). Under a slightly weaker set of assumptions, we prove a third rule, the all-or-none rule (AONR), which states that in any period, an optimal policy is to keep or to replace all the machines regardless of age. This result further reduces the size of the LP formulation of the PMRP. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

机载预警雷达对海上悬停直升机的探测

提出了依托机载预警(AEW)雷达利用悬停直升机旋翼回波信号来探测海上悬停直升机目标的方案．着重就机载预警雷达采用时－空级联自适应处理技术对海杂波的抑制和旋翼回波信号处理的方法进行了研究．最后,给出了计算机仿真结果．     

A Markovian model for process setup and improvement

We examine the setup and improvement policies for a production process with multiple performance states. Assume that the production process deteriorates randomly over time, following a Markovian process with known transition probabilities. In order to reduce the production cost incurred because of process deterioration, the process is inspected at the end of each period. Then one of three actions may be taken: do nothing, perform routine process setup, or perform routine setup and process improvement. The routine setup operation returns the process to its best performance state, whereas the process improvement action may reduce future production and setup costs and improve the process-state transition probabilities. A discounted Markovian model is formulated to find the strategy that minimizes the total cost of operating the production process. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 44: 383–400, 1997     

Exact bayesian estimation of system reliability from component test data

System reliability is often estimated by the use of components' reliability test results when system test data are not available, or are very scarce. A method is proposed for computing the exact posterior probability density function, cumulative distribution function, and credible intervals for system reliability in a Bayesian setting, with the use of components' prior probability distributions and current test results. The method can be applied to series, parallel, and many mixed systems. Although in theory the method involves evaluating infinite series, numerical results show that a small number of terms from the infinite series are sufficient in practice to provide accurate estimates of system reliability. Furthermore, because the coefficients in the series follow some recurrence relations, our results allow us to calculate the reliability distribution of a large system from that of its subsystems. Error bounds associated with the proposed method are also given. Numerical comparisons with other existing approaches show that the proposed method is efficient and accurate. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

背部进入式舱外航天服穿脱口铰链配置优化研究

应用有限元方法对内压作用下舱外航天服穿脱口密封结构进行了受力分析,针对服装泄压后穿脱口残余内力和变形过大问题,建立了铰链配置优化模型,得到了一种更为合理的铰链配置方案。研究结果表明,对舱外航天服这类几何结构不规则压力容器,优化铰链配置可以改善结构内力分布,减小由结构发生局部塑性变形而引起的结构残余内力。     

对接组合体初始姿态影响的建模研究

建立了对接过程对组合体初始姿态影响的解析与数值模型。解析模型采用相对于整体质心的动量矩定理,给出了对接完成后组合体姿态角速度计算的解析表达式。结合追踪器的绝对运动方程和目标器的相对运动方程,建立了基于对接动力学的数值模型。通过单一偏差和组合偏差两种算例,对解析和数值模型得到的组合体初始姿态角速度进行了对比分析。计算结果表明,两种模型绝对偏差在0.07°/s以内,相对偏差在10%以内,另外给出了两种模型在工程任务中各自的适用阶段。