对美军预备役部队动员的理性认识

信息化战争条件下,美军后备兵员动员,尤其是预备役部队动员体制、理念、手段、对象、目标等都发生了巨大变化,逐渐成为世界后备兵员动员领域的领跑者。但我们也要通过表面看透本质,以辨证的态度对待美军预备役部队动员。     

美军标准化技术文件与舰船研制

论文介绍并分析了美军标准化技术文件在其舰船研制各个阶段的功能和作用。     

Alleviating time inconsistent behaviors via a competition scheme

Under quasi‐hyperbolic discounting, the valuation of a payoff falls relatively rapidly for earlier delay periods, but then falls more slowly for longer delay periods. When the salespersons with quasi‐hyperbolic discounting consider the product sale problem, they would exert less effort than their early plan, thus resulting in losses of future profit. We propose a winner‐takes‐all competition to alleviate the above time inconsistent behaviors of the salespersons, and allow the company to maximize its revenue by choosing an optimal bonus. To evaluate the effects of the competition scheme, we define the group time inconsistency degree of the salespersons, which measures the consequence of time inconsistent behaviors, and two welfare measures, the group welfare of the salespersons and the company revenue. We show that the competition always improves the group welfare and the company revenue as long as the company chooses to run the competition in the first place. However, the effect on group time inconsistency degree is mixed. When the optimal bonus is moderate (extreme high), the competition motivates (over‐motivates) the salesperson to work hard, thus alleviates (worsens) the time inconsistent behaviors. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 64: 357–372, 2017     

周期运动声源的双阵列定位

针对常用的运动声源定位方法存在计算量较大或测试难度大的问题,提出一种基于阵列信号短时处理的运动声源定位方法。分析单、双五元十字阵列的定位性能,并基于单阵列的高精度定向能力,借鉴波束形成中帧处理思想,使用双阵列方位交叉的方法实现声源运动定位。使用自行火炮的发动机周期噪声作为模拟声源,进行外场定位实验,对参与短时相关数据的截取原则和传播路径补偿进行研究。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效实现周期声源的运动定位,最大相对误差保持在5%的水平。     

基于核与灰度的区间灰数多属性群决策方法

针对属性值为区间灰数且专家权重未知、属性权重部分已知的不确定多属性群决策问题,提出了一种基于区间灰数的核和灰度的决策方法。给出了区间灰数的基于核和灰度的简化形式,充分利用区间灰数的核和灰度的信息建立优化模型求得属性的权重。在求出属性权重的基础上,运用灰色关联方法分别求取各专家的核与灰度距理想方案值的关联系数,综合两者得到专家权重,最终综合专家意见并对方案比较排序得出最优结果。鉴于此,提出一种基于区间灰数相对核与灰度的决策方法。最后以一个算例验证该方法的有效性和可行性。     

三机协同无源时差定位最优编队构型分析

针对未来空战中航空集群协同无源时差定位编队构型确定问题,提出了一种确定三机协同无源时差定位最优编队构型的方法。分析了确定集群编队构型的基本原理;归纳了4个三机编队构型决定因素:主辅机相对位置、基线夹角、基线距离以及主辅机高度差;将定位区域范围和定位距离作为衡量集群无源定位编队构型优劣的指标,并进行了仿真计算。仿真结果表明:在火控引导阶段,当采用主机在后、辅机在前,基线夹角为150°,基线距离为60 km~80 km,主机与目标同高度且主辅机之间高度差为±(1-2)km的编队构型时,三机协同无源时差定位编队构型为最优。     

太赫兹技术概述

太赫兹技术是电子学和光子学交叉的新兴前沿领域。在介绍太赫兹辐射原理及特性的基础上,阐述了太赫兹辐射的产生和探测方法,重点分析了太赫兹源和探测器的发展现状,探讨了太赫兹技术在光谱识别、成像及无线通信等方面的应用前景。太赫兹技术的发展仍然受到诸多方面的制约,一旦取得突破,将为国民经济发展和国家安全带来新的机遇。     

基于N层向量空间模型的装备IETM数据查询

为了提高IETM数据查询的准确率,通过对数据模块编码层与XML内容层进行分析,结合N层向量空间模型查询算法,从IETM数据模块编码层中的型号识别码、系统层次码、信息码以及数据模块内部数据信息入手,提出了一种基于N层向量空间模型的装备IETM数据查询算法,并通过IETM实例验证了该算法的正确性与实用性。     

基于集对分析的海上油料补给方法选择优化

针对各种复杂环境对海上油料补给方法选择的不确定性影响,在分析海上油料补给方法选择影响因素的基础上,确定了海上油料补给方法选择的属性要素,运用集对分析理论建立了海上油料补给方法选择的优化模型;采用变异系数法计算属性权重,通过构建海上油料补给方法选择的正、负理想方案,确定了各备选方案与理想方案之间的联系度。算例分析结果表明,将集对分析运用于海上油料补给方法的选择,能够有效降低多种复杂因素对油料补给方法选择的不确定性影响。     

Military Expenditure,Economic Growth and Heterogeneity

This paper examines the impact of military expenditure on economic growth on a large balanced panel, using an exogenous growth model and dynamic panel data methods for 106 countries over the period 1988–2010. A major focus of the paper is to consider the possibility group heterogeneity and non-linearity. Having estimated the model for all of the countries in the panel and finding that military burden has a negative effect on growth in the short and long run, the panel is broken down into various groupings based upon a range of potentially relevant factors, and the robustness of the results is evaluated. The factors considered are different levels of income, conflict experience, natural resources abundance, openness and aid. The estimates for the different groups are remarkably consistent with those for the whole panel, providing strong support for the argument that military spending has adverse effects on growth. There are, however, some intriguing results that suggest that for certain types of countries military spending has no significant effect on growth.