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171.
K. D. Glazebrook 《海军后勤学研究》1995,42(6):993-1005
A general class of single machine stochastic scheduling problems incorporating precedence constraints is modelled as a family of competing Markov decision processes. A bound on the optimal return yields a suboptimality bound for permutation policies. This in turn leads to a generalised “used better than new” principle as a (highly intuitive) sufficient condition for the optimality of a permutation policy in the class of all (preemptive) policies. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
172.
Boghos D. Sivazlian 《海军后勤学研究》1989,36(2):127-137
A mathematical model describing the sortie of a single aircraft under enemy threats, attacking a single passive target, is developed. Emphasis is placed on the determination of the probabilities associated with the various events in the sortie. These probabilities are then used to derive appropriate measures of effectiveness. The optimum sortie time is analyzed. 相似文献
173.
Gregory D. Koblentz 《战略研究杂志》2018,41(3):372-409
The discovery that Iraq had no weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in 2003 raised the question of why Saddam had prevented UN weapons inspectors from fully accounting for his disarmament. The leading explanation for Saddam’s behavior is that he valued ambiguity as part of a strategy of ‘deterrence by doubt’. This article argues that Iraq’s obstruction of inspectors in the late 1990s was motivated by his desire to shield Iraq’s regime security apparatus from UNSCOM’s intrusive counter-concealment inspections. The failure to understand how strongly Saddam’s concerns about his personal safety drove Iraq’s contentious relationship with UNSCOM set the stage for the invasion of Iraq in 2003. 相似文献
174.
Colin D. Robinson 《Defense & Security Analysis》2018,34(3):249-266
ABSTRACTThis author wrote his doctorate thesis on post-conflict army reconstruction, submitting it in 2011. Continued research on the subject in the intervening seven years indicates that his theoretical propositions can be refined and improved. This article examines refinements to the model, and then applies those refinements in detail to the Afghan case. In so doing, it shifts the focus from potentially altruistic state-building to a case that was driven by pure national-strategic interests. Issues surrounding the liberal peace ideology dominate recent army reconstruction in conflict-affected states. The liberal peace underpinning is of supreme importance, so much so that in many discussions, it is internalised and accepted virtually without thought. This paper will advance the body of knowledge by establishing, for the first time, a theoretical basis for the widespread failure of army reconstruction in Afghanistan. The empirical basis builds on extensive previous research by other scholars. The resulting model can also be applied to better explain outcomes in other similar cases. 相似文献
175.
Hollander, Park, and Proschan define a survival function S of a positive random variable X to be new better than used at age t0 (NBU-{t0}) if S satisfies $ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {\frac{{S(x + t_0)}}{{S\left({t_0} \right)}} \le S\left(x \right),} & {{\rm for}\,{\rm all}\,x\, \ge \,0,} \\ \end{array}$ where S(x) = P(X > x). The NBU-{t0} class is a special case of the NBU-A family of survival distributions, where A is a subset of [0, ∞). These families introduce a variety of modeling possibilities for use in reliability studies. We treat problems of nonparametric estimation of survival functions from these classes by estimators which are themselves members of the classes of interest. For a number of such classes, a recursive estimation technique is shown to produce closed-form estimators which are strongly consistent and converge to the true survival distribution at optimal rates. For other classes, additional assumptions are required to guarantee the consistency of recursive estimators. As an example of the latter case, we demonstrate the consistency of a recursive estimator for S ∈ NBU-[t0, ∞) based on lifetime data from items surviving a preliminary “burn-in” test. The relative precision of the empirical survival curve and several recursive estimators of S are investigated via simulation; the results provide support for the claim that recursive estimators are superior to the empirical survival curve in restricted nonparametric estimation problems of the type studied here. 相似文献
176.
This article considers the problem of scheduling parallel processors to minimize the makespan. The article makes two key contributions: (1) It develops a new lower bound on the makespan for an optimal schedule, and (2) it proposes an efficient two-step algorithm to find schedules of any desired accuracy, or percent above optimal. In addition, a posterior bound on LPT (longest processing time) sequencing is developed in the article. It is proved that this bound dominates the previously reported bounds on LPT sequencing. 相似文献
177.
This article deals with the statistical analysis of an N-component series system supported by an active standby and one repair facility. Assuming that the life and repair times of the components are independent exponential random variables, the probability distribution of the first passage to the system failure time is shown to be a convolution of two independent exponential distributions. Three observation schemes are considered to obtain the maximum likelihood estimates of the survival function. Information matrices are supplied. Numerical results based on Monte Carlo simulation are presented. It is noted that component level information (failure rate, repair rate) is not necessary for estimating the survival function of the system. 相似文献
178.
The gas turbine engine is used to power many different types of commercial and military aircraft. During the scheduled maintenance of these engines, many of the turbine components are replaced. Of particular importance to us is the replacement of nozzle guide vanes in the nozzle assembly section of the engine. Individual vanes are selected from inventory to make up sets, and each set must meet certain characteristics in order to be feasible. The vanes in each set must then be sequenced in order to meet additional criteria. In this article, we give heuristics for the above partitioning and sequencing problems. Empirical analyses, using actual data from a branch of the armed services and a major engine manufacturer, are used to evaluate the proposed heuristics. The results of these analyses indicate that the heuristics are effective. 相似文献
179.
180.