Performances and direct writing of CL-20 based ultraviolet curing explosive ink

A new type of explosive ink formulation that can be quickly cured was prepared with unsaturated polyester as binder,styrene as active monomer,2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide as photoinitiator,and hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) as the main explosive.Then the explosive ink direct writing technology was used to charge the micro-sized energetic devices,the curing mechanism of the explosive ink was discussed,and the microstructure,safety performance and explosive transfer performance of the explosive ink molded samples were tested and analyzed.Results indicate that the composite material has a fast curing molding speed,its hardness can reach 2H within 8 min.The crystal form of CL-20 in the molded sample is still ε type.The CL-20 based W-curing explosive ink formulation has good compatibility,its apparent activation energy is increased by about 3.5 kJ/mol.The composite presents a significant reduction in impact sensitivity and its characteristic drop height can reach 39.8 cm,which is about 3 times higher than the raw material.When the line width of charge is 1.0 mm,the critical thickness of the explosion can reach 0.015 mm,and the explosion velocity is 7129 m/s when the charge density is 1.612 g/cm3.     

Effects of Mg/PTFE pyrotechnic compositions on reignition characteristics of base bleed propellants and heating mechanism

The effects of magnesium/polytetrafluoroethylene (Mg/PTFE) pyrotechnic compositions on the coupled flow field and reignition mechanism are important aspects governing the performance and range of base bleed projectiles (BBPs).Owing to a decrease in pressure and temperature when the BBP leaves the muzzle,rapid depressurization occurs,which extinguishes the base bleed propellant.The Mg/PTFE py-rotechnic composition pressed in the igniter of the base bleed unit (BBU) provides additional energy to the BBU via a chemical reaction.Thus,the extinguished base bleed propellant is reignited under the effect of high-temperature combustion gas jets from the igniter.In this study,a numerical analysis is conducted to evaluate the effects of PTFE and Mg granularity as well as Mg/PTFE pyrotechnic compo-sitions.Owing to the rapid depressurization,the temperature and pressure was found to decrease for different Mg/PTFE pyrotechnic compositions.However,the depressurization time increased as the PTFE granularity increased,the Mg granularity decreased,and the Mg content increased.When the pressure in the combustion chamber of the BBU decreased to the atmospheric pressure,the combustion gas jets from the igniter expand upstream (rather than downstream).However,these combustion gas jets exhibit different axial and radial expansion characteristics depending on the pyrotechnic compositions used.The results show that the reignition delay time,td,of the base bleed propellant was 377.608,94.27,387.243,523.966,and 221.094 ms for cases A-E,respectively.Therefore,it was concluded that the Mg/PTFE pyrotechnic composition of case B was the most beneficial for the reignition of the base bleed propellant,with the earliest addition of energy and mass to the BBP.     

Effects of module number and firing condition on charge thermal safety in gun chamber

Thermal safety of modular charge which is fed into and retained in the chamber after gun fires consecutively is first investigated with cook-off method.A two-dimensional cook-off model of modular charge in gun chamber is established and the cook-off process of modular charge in gun chamber is numerically simulated.Then the effects of module number and firing condition on charge thermal safety are evaluated by researching the cook-off response characteristics of modules.The results show that,under conditions of different module numbers the cook-off responses all occur on the module closest to the boundary of missile,and the single-base propellants located at the inner surface of cartridge ignite first.When the number of loaded module changes from 1 to 6,the cook-off response temperatures vary little,only in a small range of 478.1 K-482.4 K.The cook-off response times decrease logarithmically in the range of 211.2 s-166.7 s with the increasing length of residual air gap in gun chamber.The simulation results are well matched with the experimental data.Furthermore,different firing conditions have great influence on the cook-off response time,minor influence on the initial response position and little in-fluence on the response temperature.Under the three conditions of consecutive 32 launches with 5 rounds/min,43 launches with 1 round/min,and 41 launches with different firing frequencies,the cook-off response temperatures are 479.2 K,481.1 K and 479.9 K respectively and the response times are 709.2 s,211.2 s and 214.4 s respectively.The response position is near the middle area of the inner cartridge surface in the former condition and near the right area in the latter two conditions.     

论人民军队奖励工作的历史经验

本文围绕80年来我军奖励工作实践,对其主要历史经验进行了系统的阐述:指导思想上的与时俱进;围绕军队的中心任务开展工作;发扬民主、贯彻群众路线;坚持以精神奖励为主、物质奖励为辅的原则;逐步形成系统规范的制度体系。     

红军东征史料辨析

1936年红一方面军发起的东征战役,在中国共产党及其领导的人民军队斗争史上具有重要地位,对于扩大苏区,确立新的革命基地,发挥了重要作用。但党史界和军史界对其中的某些问题存在不同的说法,作者依据相关史实资料,对此进行细致深入的研究,力求还原历史以本来面目。     

湘鄂战争述评

湘鄂战争是北洋军阀统治时期为数不多的具有正义成分的局部战争。这场战争虽仅局限于湖北一省,但涉及湘、鄂、直、鲁、豫等省,范围十分广阔,其结果也对当时和其后的中国政局产生了非常深远的影响,并间接地成为第一次直奉战争的前奏和导火索。     

谈谈规范与标准的关系

本文从船舶行业的民船规范、标准体系、军用规范等关系引出规范与标准关系的探讨,通过分析定义,给出了明确的结论,可以作为完善船舶工业标准体系的参考。     

装备全系统全特性全过程质量管理概述

本文分析提出了质量管理的三个发展历程,提出现代质量管理的实质是全系统、全特性、全过程的质量管理,是装备质量管理发展的必然阶段。论述了全系统、全特性、全过程质量管理的概念与内涵,构建了全系统、全特性、全过程质量管理要素图,由此提出了装备全系统、全特性、全过程质量管理的要点。     

钛合金材料的等离子弧焊接技术

通过对钛合金管的等离子弧焊接工艺技术探索及分析、试验,掌握了钛合金材料的焊接要点,解决了钛合金在焊接时熔池和高温区的保护措施,改进了保护装置结构和喷嘴尺寸,在合理规范的参数下获得了满意的接头质量。     

标准化工作的落脚点

本文围绕标准化工作内涵,从标准的趋同性、自主创新、企业标准化和协调统一发展等角度,谈了标准化的落脚点就是要使标准化工作回归到企业,做好企业的标准化工作这个命题。