Improving the damage potential of W-Zr reactive structure material under extreme loading condition

Projectiles made of reactive structure materials(RSM)can damage the target with not only kinetic but also chemical energy,but the enhanced damage potential of RSM may become compromised if extreme loading condition disintegrates the projectile before the target is reached.In this work,a ductile coating of Ni was introduced to a tungsten-zirconium(W-Zr)alloy,a typical brittle RSM,to preserve the damage potential of the projectile.Detonation driving tests were carried out with X-ray photography and gun-powder deflagration driving tests were carried out with high-speed photography for the coated and uncoated RSM samples,respectively.The craters on the witness target were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.The Ni coating was found to effectively preserve the damage potential of the W-Zr alloy under extreme loading conditions,whereas the uncoated sample fractured and ignited before impacting the target in both detonation and deflagration driving.The crack propa-gation between the reactively brittle core and the ductile coating was analyzed based on the crack arrest theory to mechanistically demonstrate how the coating improves the structural integrity and preserves the damage potential of the projectile.Specifically,the Ni coating envelops the W-Zr core until the coated sphere penetrates the target,and the coating is then eroded and worn to release the reactive core for the projectile to damage the target more intensively.     

Effect of projectile parameters on opening behavior of PELE penetrating RC target

When a penetrator with enhanced lateral effect (PELE) impacts on a reinforced concrete (RC) target, the target is damaged with a large opening. An understanding of how PELE projectile parameters affect the opening dimension, is essential for effective design of the PELE projectile. In this study, under the condition that the impact velocity and target parameters (strength and thickness) were fixed values, the important influence factors of the PELE (jacket wall thickness B, jacket material strength Y1, filling material strength Y2 and angle of monolithic jacketθ) were determined by a dimensional analysis. Tests and simulations of the PELE penetrating the RC target were conducted to analyze the influence of these factors on opening diameter ((D), an equivalent diameter under relative kinetic energy). Based on the test and simulation results, it is found that the influence of these factors B, Y1 andθon the deformation mode of the jacket shows a similar trend:as values of the three factors decrease, the jacket deforms from small bending deformation to large one, and then to curling deformation. This causes the opening diameter to first increase with the decrease of these three factors, and then decreases. It is well known that the bending resistance of the jacket is related to these factors B, Y1 andθ. Therefore, a plastic limit bending moment (M0) of the jacket was quoted to characterize the influence of these factors on the bending deformation of the jacket and the opening diameter of the target. The influence factor Y2 causes (D) to first increase with the increase of Y2, and then decreases. A formula was developed to predict the opening diameter, whose influence parameters were considered in a dimensionless way. It has been shown that the dimensionless opening diameter (D)/d1 is dependent on two dimensionless parameters Q = (d31fc/M0) and G = (fc/Y2), where d1 and fc are the outer diameter of the projectile and the compressive strength of the target, respectively.     

Fabrication and analysis of TIG welding-brazing butt joints of in-situ TiB2/7050 composite and TA2

Lightweight hybrid structures of Al MMCs and titanium alloy dissimilar materials have great prospect in the defence industry application. So, it is necessary to join Al MMCs with Ti metal to achieve this structural design. In this work, in-situ TiB2/7050 composite and TA2 were firstly attempted to join by TIG welding-brazing technique. The result was that the intact welding-brazing butt joint was successfully fabricated. The joint presents dual characteristics, being a brazing on TA2 side and a welding on TiB2/7050 side. At brazing joint side, ER4043 filler metal effectively wets on TA2 under TIG heating condition, and a continuous interfacial reaction layer with 1—3μm is formed at welded metal/TA2 interface. The whole interfacial reaction layers are composed of Ti(AlSi)3 intermetallic compounds (IMCs), but their morphologies at the different regions present obvious distinguishes. The microhardness of the reaction layers is as much as 141—190 HV. At welding joints side, the fusion zone appears the equixaed crystal structure, and the grain sizes are much smaller than those of welded metal, which is attributed to the effect of TiB2 particulates from the melted TiB2/7050 on acceleration formation and inhibiting growth for the new crystal nucleus. The tensile test results show that average tensile strength of the optimal welding-brazing joint is able to achieve 138 MPa. The failure of the tensile joint occurs by quasi-cleavage pattern, and the cracks initiate from the IMCs layer at the groove surface of TA2 and propagate into the welded metal.     

Experimental investigation on anti-penetration performance of polyurea-coated ASTM1045 steel plate subjected to projectile impact

In this study, the anti-penetration performance of polyurea/ASTM1405-steel composite plate subjected to high velocity projectile was analyzed. Two kinds of modified polyurea material (AMMT-053 and AMMT-055) were selected and a ballistic impact testing system including speed measuring target system and high-speed camera was designed. This experiment was conducted with a rifle and 5.8 mm projectile to explore the effects by the polyurea coating thickness, the polyurea coating position and the glass-fiber cloth on the anti-penetration performance of polyurea/ASTM1405-steel composite plate. The result showed that the effects of polyurea coating position were different between two types of polyurea, and that the effects of glass-fiber position were disparate between two types of polyurea as well. For AMMT-053 polyurea material, it was better to be on front face than on rear face; whereas for AMMT-055 pol-yurea, it was better to be on rear surface although the difference was very subtle. Additionally, formulas had been given to describe the relationship between the effectiveness of polyurea and the thickness of polyurea coating. In general, AMMT-055 had better anti-penetration performance than AMMT-053. Furthermore, five typical damage modes including self-healing, crack, local bulge, spallation and local fragmentation were defined and the failure mechanism was analyzed with the results of SHPB test. Additionally, the bonding strength played an important role in the anti-penetration performance of polyurea/steel composite plate.     

鲁棒稳定控制器的参数化设计方法

基于特征结构配置参数化方法,讨论了一类匹配的不确定线性系统的鲁棒控制问题,目的是设计鲁棒稳定控制器,使不确定闭环线性系统的特征值始终位于复平面的左半平面中某扇形区域内.给出了该鲁棒稳定控制器存在的充分条件及其参数化表示,可进一步利用其自由度满足某些设计要求.给出的数值例子,表明了鲁棒稳定控制器参数化设计方法的有效性.     

对金门战役“三不打”的考证

自20世纪80年代起,有关金门战役中第三野战军副司令员粟裕曾有过"三不打"的指示,引起部分军史研究者和民间史学爱好者的关注。此后,几乎所有关于金门战役的著述都或多或少、或直接或间接地提到了所谓的"三不打"。本文用史料分析、逻辑分析相结合的方法,对此问题进行了考证。结论是,此说属于"孤证",虽然无法证实其不存在,但更缺乏支持其存在的权威史料。     

Service design at diagnostic service centers

We study a service design problem in diagnostic service centers, call centers that provide medical advice to patients over the phone about what the appropriate course of action is, based on the caller's symptoms. Due to the tension between increased diagnostic accuracy and the increase in waiting times more in‐depth service requires, managers face a difficult decision in determining the optimal service depth to guide the diagnostic process. The specific problem we consider models the situation when the capacity (staffing level) at the center is fixed, and when the callers have both congestion‐ and noncongestion‐related costs relating to their call. We develop a queueing model incorporating these features and find that the optimal service depth can take one of two different structures, depending on factors such as the nurses' skill level and the maximum potential demand. Sensitivity analyses of the two optimal structures show that they are quite different. In some situations, it may (or may not) be optimal for the manager to try to expand the demand at the center, and increasing skill level may (or may not) increase congestion. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012     

含灭火添加剂细水雾粒径分布规律

为了研究含灭火添加剂细水雾灭火机理,从添加剂对细水雾粒径分布的影响着手,利用全自动表面张力仪、实时喷雾激光粒度仪对含不同添加剂的细水雾粒径分布进行了研究。结果表明：磷酸二氢铵和尿素使水的表面张力略有增加,氟表面活性剂（Fc-134）和碳氢表面活性剂（APG）以及由4种添加剂组成的复合添加剂使水的表面张力大幅降低;磷酸二氢铵使粒径为2.09～26.23μm的雾滴数略有减少,粒径为31.06～462.33μm的雾滴数略有增加;氟表面活性剂（Fc-134）使粒径为8.05～22.16μm的雾滴数增加,粒径为22.17～278.64μm的雾滴数减少,粒径为278.65～1075.09μm的雾滴完全消失;碳氢表面活性剂（APG）使粒径为2.09～31.06μm的雾滴数减少,粒径为36.77～141.86μm的雾滴数增加;而复合添加剂使粒径为2.09～31.06μm的雾滴数减少,粒径为36.77～198.82μm的雾滴数增加。     

轮状病毒荧光定量PCR标准品的构建

采用MA104细胞系培养和T载体克隆技术,在轮状病毒结构蛋白VP4基因序列中设计合成引物,经过PCR扩增后将特异性产物与pMD-19-T载体连接,对获得的轮状病毒重组质粒标准品进行酶切鉴定和测序分析。利用常规PCR和荧光定量PCR方法对获得的重组质粒标准品进行特异性和灵敏度指标的检验。结果表明,将构建的重组质粒作为标准品制备标准曲线具有较高的扩增效率和良好的线性关系(斜率为-4.015,R2=0.991);荧光定量PCR熔解曲线分析表明,85.8℃的PCR产物是轮状病毒VP4基因序列的特异性产物,该标准品具有轮状病毒特异性;同时,所制备的重组质粒标准品在荧光定量PCR检测中具有较大的线性范围(5×101~5×1010拷贝/μL),每个梯度PCR反应最低可以检测到50拷贝的重组质粒,因而采用该标准品进行荧光定量PCR分析具有较高的检测灵敏度;此外,该重组质粒标准品具有较高的稳定性和重复性,3次独立实验的变异因数Cv<1.5%。构建的重组质粒标准品可以用做环境水体中轮状病毒的荧光定量PCR标准品。     

基于灰色系统理论的军队油料节约人员360度绩效评估

基于360度绩效评估理论,从德、能、勤、绩4个方面构建了包含4个1级指标和16个2级指标的军队油料节约人员360度绩效评估指标体系。利用层次分析法确定了各评估指标的权重,运用灰色系统理论的原理和方法,构建了多层次灰色评估模型,并对某油料节约小组5位油料节约人员进行了360度绩效评估。案例应用表明,此方法具有系统综合各层评估者提供的"贫信息"的优点,不仅能得出被评估者的灰类及优劣顺序,而且得到了各指标所属灰类和具体的灰色评价权值,使360度绩效较好地实现了绩效反馈的目的。该研究为军队油料节约人员绩效管理工作提供了新的思路和方法。