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The use of life-cycle costs in procurement is limited by the accuracy of cost estimates and assessments of availability risks under the conditions generating costs. Critical to these problems are the needs and responses of equipment to maintenance and repair. Using transition probabilities to define the relationships between serviceability and maintenance and repairs, this article develops a comprehensive decision support system for military procurement. It uses a dynamic programming model to determine the least-cost set of maintenance and repair decisions, where adjustments are included for warranty conditions, time value of money, the opportunity costs of equipment failure, and the end-of-cycle salvage values or disposal costs. The system allows users to define working and failed states, create their own rules or indicators of availability from estimates of state probabilities and establish thresholds of risk acceptability. 相似文献
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This paper gives a new organization of the theoretical results of the Generalized Transportation Problem with capacity constraints. A graph-theoretic approach is utilized to define the basis as a one-forest consisting of one-trees (a tree with an extra edge). Algorithmic development of the pivot-step is presented by the representation of a two-tree (a tree with two extra edges). Constructive procedures and proofs leading to an efficient computer code are provided. The basic definition of an operator theory which leads to the discussion of various operators is also given. In later papers we will present additional results on the operator theory for the generalized transportation problem based on the results in the present paper. 相似文献
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This paper considers the problem of computing optimal ordering policies for a product that has a life of exactly two periods when demand is random. Initially costs are charged against runouts (stockouts) and outdating (perishing). By charging outdating costs according to the expected amount of outdating one period into the future, a feasible one period model is constructed. The central theorem deals with the n-stage dynamic problem and demonstrates the appropriate cost functions are convex in the decision variable and also provides bounds on certain derivatives. The model is then generalized to include ordering and holding costs. The paper is concluded with a discussion of the infinite horizon problem. 相似文献