Market entry strategy in the presence of market spillovers and efficiency differentiation

Firms form various alliances or use brand extensions to enter new markets in order to improve their operational efficiency and create a positive spillover. However, they do not always know the implications of these strategies for market entry and multimarket competition because the sale of products in one market can have negative spillover effects on product sales in other markets. We present an analytical framework to examine whether and how (i.e., by choosing alliance entry or independent entry) competing firms should enter a market in a situation where market spillovers occur when a firm enters a spillover-producing market to sell products that may increase or decrease the consumers' willingness to pay for products in the primary market. Our analysis shows that the operational efficiency (or quality differentiation ability) of firms in a spillover-producing market varies, and hence, the impact of market spillovers differs for firms. We identify the key factors, such as bargaining power, brand value difference in the primary market, and the extent of efficiencies and spillovers, that determine the firms benefitting from the different entry strategies. Specifically, we show that firms would be more willing to choose an alliance strategy to enter a spillover-producing market if the negative spillover is small and alliance efficiency is high. In contrast, if an alliance entry is not favored, the firms' relative operational efficiency is crucial for them to decide whether to enter the market independently under moderate spillover conditions. Finally, we show the implications of market entry strategies for managers.     

新型教学模式下教学路径探讨——基于本科教育“四个回归”

实现本科教育的“四个回归”,是新时代背景下高等本科教育教学改革应该完成的目标。要围绕学生的主体地位来建构新型教学模式下教学路径中的学生角色。学生刻苦学习是学生主体学习地位的基础,实行一定比例的淘汰制是学生刻苦学习的重要保证,助力实现“回归常识”。在教师主导课程学习的过程中,要以学生究竟能学到什么和事实上学到什么作为衡量教学效果的标准,助力实现“回归本分”。课程全过程评价方式是动态全方面的评价方式,改变了目的性极强的单一期末考试评价机制,打破了期末考试一考定成绩的传统做法,助力实现“回归初心”和“回归梦想”。     

Experimental and numerical investigation of zirconium jet performance with different liner shapes design

This paper studies the shaped charge jet performance in terms of different liner shapes including conical,bell,hemispherical and bi-conical liners.The critical angles and the relevant flow velocities for the zir-conium liner material were calculated analytically and numerically using Autodyn hydro-code.The relationship between the critical collapse angle and the flow velocity was determined for the conditions of jet formation and coherency.Penetration tests according to the standard testing procedures of API-RP34 (Section-Ⅱ) were performed to validate the numerical predictions of the jet performance of the studied liners.It was found that the four shaped charge liners all produced coherent jets with different performances.The penetration depth of the shaped charges with the bell and the bi-conical liner shapes increased by 10.3％ and 22％,respectively,while the crater diameter of shaped charge with hemispherical liner increased by 85％ representing the formation of an explosively-formed-projectile (EFP),when they are compared with the corresponding jet characteristics of a conical liner shaped charge.     

基于 Simulink 的鱼雷尺度靶收发干扰仿真

在分析尺度靶多亮点目标模型的基础上,建立了拖曳线列阵靶收发干扰和信号处理模型,然后利用simulink工具箱对干扰模型进行了仿真,最后给出了仿真结果。结果表明,靶标收发换能器间的干扰会导致转发信号产生畸变,但其畸变对信号幅度的影响较小,不会对目标模拟产生影响,验证了拖曳靶进行目标模拟的可行性,同时对鱼雷尺度靶及其它水声目标模拟设备的研制也有一定的参考应用价值。     

某型轰炸设备虚拟训练系统设计与实现

虚拟训练系统在场地、费效比、训练效果等方面具有明显的优势。设计了某型机载轰炸设备的虚拟训练系统,阐明了系统实现的关键技术,并实现了该系统。系统在对航空炸弹弹道模型进行解算的基础上,通过对座舱环境、轰炸设备和轰炸视景进行模拟和仿真,能够提供逼真的人机交互界面,从而达到帮助受训人员掌握轰炸程序,提高轰炸设备使用能力的目的。     

弹道导弹被动段最优脉冲变轨方法

弹道导弹大气层外飞行时间长且弹道固定,易被敌方预测和拦截。针对以上问题,本文提出一种最优脉冲式变轨方法,该方法设计的弹道由2条不同的椭圆弧段组成,成功命中目标的同时,增加了敌方的拦截难度。以机动变轨所需能量和变轨后飞行剩余时间的加权最优为性能指标,设计了利用遗传算法在初始弹道上寻求最优变轨点的方法。最后,将遗传算法搜索最优点结果与遍历搜索结果进行对比,其最大误差为 ,从而验证了遗传算法在应用于导弹变轨问题,用以寻求最优变轨点是准确有效的。     

复杂场景下基于自适应多特征融合的跟踪算法

在复杂的场景下,单特征对目标描述不够充分,很难稳健地跟踪目标,针对这个问题,提出了一个基于自适应多特征融合的粒子滤波跟踪算法。该算法采用灰度和边缘特征表示目标,从目标观测似然模型构建的角度融合两种特征,利用粒子似然分布的香农熵动态地评价特征的可靠性,进而确定特征融合权重,以提高算法对场景的适应能力;同时,改进了线性加权的模型更新策略,通过对加权系数的在线调整来抑制模型漂移。实验表明,本文算法可以实现部分遮挡和背景干扰等复杂场景下的跟踪。     

有源干扰条件下基于NSGA-II的雷达网优化部署方法

雷达网的部署状态直接影响着网络的覆盖能力,尤其是在雷达辐射轨迹受到外力干扰条件下,对网络节点的优化部署更具意义。雷达对部署的任务区域有一定的能量覆盖,不同的任务区也具有不同的重要级别,在不针对特定任务的前提下,实现全方位全纵深的预警能力,雷达网的部署起着至关重要的作用。本文根据覆盖系数和重叠系数为主要优化目标,基于NSGA-II算法进行多目标优化。文章首先定义了覆盖系数和全局重叠系数两个指标,尤其是全局重叠系数打破了以往重叠系数的概念,从全局出发引导雷达网优化部署;同时,提出基于NSGA-II的多目标优化部署算法,采用诱导跳跃、基因到位、诱导交叉等候选解生成方式,保持种群多样性,提高算法收敛性。实验表明,部署优化算法耗时较低,不同干扰源部署态势使网络节点部署产生较大差异,多样的候选解生成方法明显提高了算法的收敛速度。     

雷达信号仿真中箔条干扰回波模型研究

雷达信号仿真是抗干扰算法研究和验证的有效措施。针对箔条干扰随机信号模型难以满足高精度仿真的需要,本文在分析和总结箔条干扰散射特性和运动特性的基础上,对箔条干扰回波模型进行了更深入和精细化的研究。在Matlab平台上通过编程优化克服了复杂计算的问题,并获得了较好的模拟效果。仿真实验表明,该模型可为精确研究箔条干扰提供数据支持。