A guarantee rate optimization model for wastewater treatment system design under uncertainty

We consider a design problem for wastewater treatment systems that considers uncertainty in pollutant concentration levels at water sources. The goal is to optimize the selection of treatment technologies and pipeline connections, so that treated wastewater can achieve specified effluents discharge limits as well as possible. We propose a new two-stage model to optimize a set of guarantee levels, that is, the maximum concentration level of source pollutants for which treated wastewater can be compliant with discharge limits. In the first stage, treatment technologies and pipeline connections are selected. In the second stage, when pollutant concentration levels are revealed, wastewater distribution and mixing are determined. A key attractiveness of the proposed guarantee rate optimization model is that it can be simplified into a single-stage mixed-integer linear program. In our numerical experiments based on real-world pollutants data, the guarantee rate model demonstrates its advantages in terms of computational efficiency, scalability and solution quality, compared with the standard probability maximization model. Finally, the methodology proposed in this paper can also be applied to other two-stage problems under uncertainty with similar uncertainty characteristics.     

The modern naval fortress: an additional sea denial option for coastal states

As fixed facilities, naval fortresses seem unlikely to be important in a sea denial strategy which is usually about mobility, but new defence technologies and the changing geostrategic environment may revive the concept of the fortress. Extended ranges of anti-ship means allow onshore firepower to engage enemies over distance, even beyond the economic exclusive zones where most maritime territorial disputes occur. In the face of size limits on missile warheads that constrain their destruction of hardened targets, various active and passive defence technologies against missiles can enhance the survivability of onshore fortresses. Furthermore, onshore locations give fortresses the advantage of being unsinkable and able to accommodate greater energy and firepower capacity in contrast to vessels, as well as other mobile platforms. The onshore nature of fortresses also gives a different political meaning to being attacked, for the clear violation of sovereignty, as opposed to vessels and aircraft in a disputed space. However, the fact those fortresses are not invincible means cooperation with other existing capabilities still necessary. The case of Vietnam demonstrates how fortresses could strengthen the inferior defence capability of a coastal state vis-à-vis. a stronger sea power.     

利用期间核查确定测量设备校准间隔

按照预定的日程实施测量设备再校准,是实验室一个通用的做法,ISO／IEC17025《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》要求,在测量过程中应按照经济合理的日程插入期间核查,以证实测量设备是否处于校准技术状态。本文打破以时间周期确定测量设备校准间隔的传统模式,探讨以测量设备测量被测对象的多少（即测量设备使用的频繁程度）为基础,利用期间核查实时发现测量设备校准技术状态的变化,从而确定测量设备校准间隔的新模式。     

大型试验任务的计量保障研究

为探讨计量技术对于保障大型试验任务顺利进行的重要作用,针对其覆盖领域广、参试设备多、测试现场点多线长的特点,重点分析了试验开始前、试验过程中和试验结束后对计量保障的需求。对于如何做好大型试验任务的计量保障工作,从明确计量工作合法参试地位、建立参试测量设备的计量确认体系、根据试验任务的需要合理调配计量资源及做好紧急情况下的应急处置等四个方面提出的几点思考性意见。     

复合射孔器主要性能测试方法与产品标准建立的探讨

文章概述了聚能射孔器性能与标准的发展,针对复合射孔器作用特征分析了主要性能试验方法与产品标准建立的条件,并就合理确定复合射孔产品主要指标,建立产品标准的工作提出了建议。     

兵器行业清洁生产水平评价标准的研究与制订

开展清洁生产水平评价标准化工作,是开展清洁生产工作的基础,是实现兵器行业节能减排目标的技术支撑之一。本文分析了兵器行业清洁生产水平评价工作的现状与问题,讨论了兵器行业清洁生产水平评价标准的制定原则,介绍了兵器行业清洁生产水平评价标准体系的构成,并提出了当前开展兵器行业清洁生产水平评价标准化工作的几点建议。     

引战一体化设计分析与思考

引战一体化设计是一个先进的设计理念,分析了引战一体化设计的内涵,它应包括：引战功能一体化和引战结构设计一体化两部分,详细阐述了引战结构一体化的设计设想和引战功能一体化中各设计变量及数学模型,并给出了“最佳有效毁伤效果”的概念。     

新形势下加强军品外购器材质量监督工作研究

归纳、分析了近几年军工企业在外购器材采购工作中出现的三个方面问题,并结合军代表质量监督工作实践,从加强总体管理、调整工作思路和完善具体工作要求等环：审,提出了解决问题的措施和建议。     

油罐罐底渗漏模拟试验及渗漏量计算

油罐罐底渗漏不仅会造成巨大的经济损失和环境污染,甚至还会带来火灾爆炸,严重威胁存储油料场所安全。因此,主动掌握油罐渗漏量数值范围和渗漏发展规律,显得很有必要。利用模拟油罐渗漏装置在微压条件下进行了无砂垫和有砂垫罐底小孔渗漏速率试验,获得了渗漏速率的数值范围并运用Matlab对数据进行处理,拟合出有砂垫罐底小孔渗漏量计算的经验公式。试验分析表明有砂垫罐底小孔渗漏量比无砂垫时的渗漏量在数值上小很多,此结果将为加压条件下的渗漏试验奠定基础。     

时敏目标的优先级打击顺序设计

时敏目标的打击顺序是信息化战争下火力计划的一项重要内容.利用模糊语言来描述时敏目标的不确定性特征,利用模糊综合评判法来确定时敏目标的优先级打击等级.时敏目标被划分成具有不同优先级打击等级的时敏目标子集,具有高优先级打击等级的时敏目标优先打击.通过例子给出典型时敏目标的优先级打击等级及其打击顺序,说明所提方法可以很好地解决时敏目标的打击顺序问题.