大功率IGBT器件及其组合多时间尺度动力学表征研究综述

在提出电力电子器件及其组合多时间尺度动力学表征需求的前提下,以目前常用的全控型电力电子器件——绝缘栅双极晶体管(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor,IGBT)为例,系统分析并归纳了目前在IGBT及其组合多时间尺度动力学表征研究方面的进展和成果,包括作为基础的大功率IGBT及其组合多时间尺度电热瞬态建模方法、基于模型的大功率IGBT模块失效量化表征方法以及用于辅助分析的IGBT组合多速率仿真方法。此外,介绍了基于IGBT多时间尺度模型的装置应用设计案例。从建模方法、可靠性评估、仿真手段以及应用设计四个方面系统全面地阐述了大功率IGBT及其组合多时间尺度的动力学表征方法,可为电力电子混杂系统的精确设计提供电力电子器件层面的理论和技术支撑。     

潜艇应急上浮机动不稳定性建模与仿真

为了避免潜艇在应急上浮过程中,由于较快的上浮速度以及较大的负攻角,水动力呈现强非线性,在横向流作用下潜艇可能产生过大的横倾角甚至失稳倾覆.基于艇体水流入射角和方向角定义下的潜艇非线性水动力描述形式及其试验结果,采用一种新形式的大攻角非稳态潜艇操纵运动仿真数学模型,对高压气吹除主压载水舱后潜艇应急上浮过程的运动状态进行预报.采用拉瓦尔喷管理论对高压气吹除主压载水舱的热力学过程进行建模,并将该过程计算得到潜艇所受的复杂激变力作为潜艇操纵运动仿真数学模型的控制输入,计算结果表明:相较于高压气吹除指数模型,采用的拉瓦尔喷管模型能更为真实地反映实艇高压气吹除过程,对潜艇应急上浮机动的运动状态预报更为准确.应急上浮过程中快速造成较大的尾倾角有利于抑制横倾角的增大,且横倾角主要受水舱吹除顺序的影响,受初始深度的影响较小.根据潜艇事故工况下的初始状态制定有效的高压气应急吹除挽回策略,是抑制应急上浮横倾角的主要手段.     

MF-CFI: A fused evaluation index for camouflage patterns based on human visual perception

The evaluation index of camouflage patterns is important in the field of military application. It is the goal that researchers have always pursued to make the computable evaluation indicators more in line with the human visual mechanism. In order to make the evaluation method more computationally intelligent, a Multi-Feature Camouflage Fused Index (MF-CFI) is proposed based on the comparison of grayscale, color and texture features between the target and the background. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed index, eye movement experiments are conducted to compare the proposed index with existing indexes including Universal Image Quality Index (UIQI), Camouflage Similarity Index (CSI) and Structural Similarity (SSIM). Twenty-four different simulated targets are designed in a grassland background, 28 observers participate in the experiment and record the eye movement data during the observation process. The results show that the highest Pearson correlation coefficient is observed between MF-CFI and the eye movement data, both in the designed digital camouflage patterns and large-spot camouflage patterns. Since MF-CFI is more in line with the detection law of camouflage targets in human visual perception, the proposed index can be used for the comparison and parameter optimization of camouflage design algorithms.     

Theoretical and numerical simulation study on jet formation and penetration of different liner structures driven by electromagnetic pressure

The use of a shaped liner driven by electromagnetic force is a new means of forming jets. To study the mechanism of jet formation driven by electromagnetic force, we considered the current skin effect and the characteristics of electromagnetic loading and established a coupling model of"Electric—Magnetic—Force"and the theoretical model of jet formation under electromagnetic force. The jet formation and penetration of conical and trumpet liners have been calculated. Then, a numerical simulation of liner collapse under electromagnetic force, jet generation, and the stretching motion were performed using an ANSYS multiphysics processor. The calculated jet velocity, jet shape, and depth of penetration were consistent with the experimental results, with a relative error of less than 10％. In addition, we calculated the jet formation of different curvature trumpet liners driven by the same loading condition and ob-tained the influence rule of the curvature of the liner on jet formation. Results show that the theoretical model and the ANSYS multiphysics numerical method can effectively calculate the jet formation of liners driven by electromagnetic force, and in a certain range, the greater the curvature of the liner is, the greater the jet velocity is.     

Nitro-tetrazole based high performing explosives: Recent overview of synthesis and energetic properties

Heterocyclic skeleton (Azoles) and different energetic groups containing high performing explosives are highly emerged in recent years to meet the challenging requirements of energetic materials in both military and civilian applications with improved performance. For this purpose tetrazole (Azole) is identified as an attractive heterocyclic backbone with energetic functional groups nitro (-NO₂), nitrato (-ONO₂), nitrimino (-NNO₂), and nitramino (–NH–NO₂) to replace the traditionally used high performing explosives. The tetrazole based compounds having these energetic functional groups demonstrated advanced energetic performance (detonation velocity and pressure), densities, and heat of formation (HOF) and became a potential replacement of traditional energetic compounds such as RDX. This review presents a summary of the recently reported nitro-tetrazole energetic compounds containing poly-nitro, di/mono-nitro, nitrato/nitramino/nitrimino, bridged/bis/di tetrazole and nitro functional groups, describing their preparation methods, advance energetic properties, and further applications as high-performing explosives, especially those reported in the last decade. This review aims to provide a fresh concept for designing nitro-tetrazole based high performing explosives together with major challenges and perspectives.     

软件定义的航天器测试网络技术

航天器测试网络是航天器自动化测试运行、测试数据监测分析等测试业务运行的信息通道,它的性能将极大影响航天器试验测试效率与试验数据的应用效能。针对传统航天器测试网络存在的物理独立部署、人工迁移、存在数据孤岛以及无法高效交换共享的不足,本文参考借鉴软件定义网络技术,设计了基于虚拟局域网及软件定义网络技术的软件定义航天器测试网络。该测试网络技术具备良好的软件重构、区域隔离、测试信息汇聚共享性能,能够通过软件重构,自动化迁移部署航天器测试网络;通过网络区域逻辑隔离,确保各航天器测试指令运行区域受控、安全;通过全局测试数据汇聚实现多航天器测试数据的交换共享,从而有效解决了航天器测试网络快速部署、测试指令安全运行与测试数据交换共享的问题,有力推动了装备试验数据工程的建设工作。     

Investigate the effects of magnetic fields on the penetration ability of a shaped charge jet at different standoffs

The influence of a magnetic field on the stability of a shaped charge jet is experimentally investigated at standoffs of 490, 650 and 800 mm. The experimental results without and with the magnetic field are compared in terms of the shaped charge jet form, stability and penetration ability. A theoretical model based on one-dimension fluid dynamics is then developed to assess the depth of penetration of the shaped charge at those three standoffs and magnetic conditions. The results show that the penetration capability can be enhanced in more than 70% by the magnetic field. The theoretical calculations are compared with the experimental results with reasonably good correlation. In addition, the parameters introduced in the theory are discussed together with the experiments at three standoffs studied.     

维和任务区当地译员的重要作用与素质要求

维和行动中的当地译员是一个特殊群体,在维和任务中具有重要作用。当地译员必须具备保密性、中立性、服务性等基本素质。因此,最大限度地调动当地译员的工作热情、提高其职业素质、是保证维和行动顺利完成的重要环节。     

多级安全数据库体系结构及其策略模型的研究

通过对现有多级安全数据库体系结构和策略模型的研究,分析它们各自存在的不足,给出了一个基于核心化体系结构的MLS-DBMS体系结构,并在现有策略模型的基础上,提出了一个基于扩展安全级的安全模型.该安全模型增加了策略模型的灵活性,提高了数据库系统的安全性和可用性.     

破片模拟弹侵彻钢板的有限元分析

根据破片模拟弹侵彻钢板的实验研究,采用MSC.Dytran对破片模拟弹侵彻钢板的侵彻过程、侵彻特性、钢板的破坏模式以及弹体的侵彻速度、靶板的侵彻阻力进行了有限元分析,并将分析结果与实验结果进行了比较.分析结果表明,破片模拟弹冲击钢装甲的侵彻过程可大致分为初始接触、弹体侵入、剪切冲塞和穿甲破坏4个阶段.有限元分析的破片模拟弹侵彻特性及靶板破坏模式与实验观测结果有较好的一致性,在靶板破口的正面,与弹体平面凸缘两端接触的部分,变形以剪切为主,而与切削面接触的部分,以挤压变形为主;靶板破口背面为剪切冲塞破坏;有限元模拟的弹体剩余速度与实验结果吻合较好,弹体侵彻过程中弹靶作用界面的速度和侵彻速度近似呈线性变化.有限元分析结果还表明,采用适当的模型,有限元法能较好地模拟破片模拟弹侵彻钢板的侵彻过程、侵彻特性以及钢板的破坏模式.