沈葆桢与中国海防近代化建设

19世纪70年代,清政府揭开了筹建近代海军的历史巨幕。沈葆桢作为第一个由朝廷钦命的船政大臣,全权负责福州船政局的工作。在主持船政的实践中,他秉承左宗棠的思想衣钵,始终坚持培养人才与举办船政并举的方针,进行了卓有成效的艰苦工作。在中国海防近代化建设刚刚起步的阶段,沈葆桢从海防建设的具体工作入手,与李鸿章等人从战略视角着眼海防建设,形成了互补的合力,推动了中国海防近代化事业的发展。     

论近代中美军事战略关系的形成

本文从中美经济政治关系的产生、发展及蜕变与两国军事关系的萌芽,美国门户开放政策的军事含义及其对中美军事关系的深远影响,日本在远东及太平洋的侵略扩张与中美军事战略关系正式形成等三个方面,对中美军事战略关系在特定阶段的表现形式及特点进行了分析探讨。     

铁酸镍和铁酸锰的制备及磁性对比

用化学共沉淀法在90℃的反应温度制备了NiFe2O4和MnFe2O4铁酸盐多晶微粉,发现经沉淀洗涤后直接得到MnFe2O4纳米微粉,不需热处理过程;而要获得NiFe2O4需要对沉淀洗涤后的前驱体进行热处理。利用振动样品磁强计测量了样品在室温下的磁性能,对两种磁粉的磁性进行了对比。     

The bottleneck problem with minimum quantity commitments

Given an edge‐distance graph of a set of suppliers and clients, the bottleneck problem is to assign each client to a selected supplier minimizing their maximum distance. We introduce minimum quantity commitments to balance workloads of suppliers, provide the best possible approximation algorithm, and study its generalizations and specializations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006     

变论域模糊自适应滑模有限时间收敛制导律

针对拦截高速机动目标的需求,研究了一种变论域模糊自适应滑模有限时间收敛制导律。推导了导弹-目标空间拦截模型,设计了三维滑模制导律;根据有限时间收敛制导律专家的经验,采用模糊自适应控制方法对滑模制导律的非切换项进行逼近,并设计了有限时间收敛模糊控制规则;提出了一种新型变论域伸缩因子,设计了基于新型伸缩因子的变论域模糊自适应滑模有限时间收敛制导律。仿真结果表明,所设计的制导律能够使导弹准确命中目标,并能够达到视线角速率有限时间收敛,且与比例制导律相比,具有更高的制导精度和更短的飞行时间。     

Fracture mechanism of a cylindrical shell cut by circumferential detonation collision

The failure mechanism of a cylindrical shell cut into fragments by circumferential detonation collision was experimentally and numerically investigated. A self-designed detonation wave regulator was used to control the detonation and cut the shell. It was found that the self-designed regulator controlled the fragment shape. The macrostructure and micro-characteristics of fragments revealed that shear fracture was a prior mechanism, the shell fractured not only at the position of detonation collision, but the crack also penetrated the shell at the first contact position of the Chapmen-Jouguet (C-J) wave. The effects of groove number and outer layer thickness on the fracture behavior were tested by simulations. When the thickness of the outer layer was 5–18 mm, it has little effect on fragmentation of the shell, and shells all fractured at similar positions. The increase of the groove number reduced the fracture possibility of the first contact position of the C-J wave. When the groove number reached 7 with a 10 mm outer layer (1/4 model), the fracture only occurred at the position of detonation collision and the fragment width rebounded.     

Research on the influences of confining pressure and strain rate on NEPE propellant: Experimental assessment and constitutive model

In order to study the influences of confining pressure and strain rate on the mechanical properties of the Nitrate Ester Plasticized Polyether (NEPE) propellant, uniaxial tensile tests were conducted using the self-made confining pressure system and material testing machine. The stress-strain responses of the NEPE propellant under different confining pressure conditions and strain rates were obtained and analyzed. The results show that confining pressure and strain rate have a remarkably influence on the mechanical responses of the NEPE propellant. As confining pressure increases (from 0 to 5.4 MPa), the maximum tensile stress and ultimate strain increase gradually. With the coupled effects of confining pressure and strain rate, the value of the maximum tensile stress and ultimate strain at 5.4 MPa and 0.0667 s⁻¹ is 2.03 times and 2.19 times of their values under 0 MPa and 0.00333 s⁻¹, respectively. Afterwards, the influence mechanism of confining pressure on the NEPE propellant was analyzed. Finally, based on the viscoelastic theory and continuous damage theory, a nonlinear constitutive model considering confining pressure and strain rate was developed. The damage was considered to be rate-dependent and pressure-dependent. The constitutive model was validated by comparing experimental data with predictions of the constitutive model. The whole maximum stress errors of the model predictions are lower than 4% and the corresponding strain errors are lower than 7%. The results show that confining pressure can suppress the damage initiation and evolution of the NEPE propellant and the nonlinear constitutive model can describe the mechanical responses of the NEPE propellant under various confining pressure conditions and strain rates. This research can lay a theoretical foundation for analyzing the structural integrity of propellant grain accurately under working pressure loading.     

Mitigation effects on the reflected overpressure of blast shock with water surrounding an explosive in a confined space

The mitigation of blast shock with water has broad application prospects. Understanding the mitigation effects on the reflected overpressure of the explosion shock with water surrounding an explosive in a confined space is of great significance for military explosives safety applications. To estimate the effects of the parameters on the reflected overpressure of blasted shock wave, a series of experiments were carried out in confined containers with spherical explosives immersed in a certain thickness of water, and numerical simulations were conducted to explore the corresponding mechanisms. The results reveal that the reflected overpressure is abnormally aggravated at a small scaled distance. This aggravation is due to the high impulse of the bulk accelerated water shell converted from the explosion. With increasing scaled distance, the energy will be gradually dissipated. The mitigation effects will appear with the dispersed water phase front impacting at a larger scaled distance, except in the case of a dense water phase state. A critical scaled distance range of 0.7—0.8 m/kg1/3 for effective mitigation was found. It is suggested that the scaled distance of space walls should be larger than the critical value for a certain water-to-explosive weight ratio range (5—20).     

An experiment evaluating how the tiny mass eccentricities in spin-stabilized projectiles affect the position of impact points

This study investigates and quantifies some possible sources affecting the position of impact points of small caliber spin-stabilized projectiles (such as 12.7 mm bullets). A comparative experiment utilizing the control variable method was designed to figure out the influence of tiny eccentric centroids on the projectiles. The study critically analyzes data obtained from characteristic parameter measurements and precision trials. It also combines Sobol's algorithm with an artificial intelligence algorithm—Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS)—in order to conduct global sensitivity analysis and determine which parameters were most influential. The results indicate that the impact points of projectiles with an entry angle of 0° deflected to the left to that of projectiles with an entry angle of 90°. The difference of the mean coordinates of impact points was about 12.61 cm at a target range of 200 m. Variance analysis indicated that the entry angle — i.e. the initial position of mass eccentricity — had a notable influence. After global sensitivity analysis, the significance of the effect of mass eccentricity was confirmed again and the most influential factors were determined to be the axial moment and transverse moment of inertia (Izz Iyy), the mass of a projectile (m), the distance between nose and center of mass along the symmetry axis for a projectile (Lm), and the eccentric distance of the centroid (Lr). The results imply that the control scheme by means of modifying mass center (moving mass or mass eccentricity) is promising for designing small-caliber spin-stabilized projectiles.     

非线性目标跟踪滤波算法的比较研究

针对不同的非线性目标跟踪滤波算法在性能上存在较大差异的问题,展开了5种非线性滤波算法的比较分析研究,通过分析不同滤波框架下非线性目标跟踪性能,阐述了算法理论中的关键异同点.通过仿真实验和跑车试验,比较了基于Kalman框架下非线性滤波算法和基于Monte Carlo贝叶斯估计的粒子滤波在估计精度、计算量等方面的优劣性.实验结果表明,在复杂的非线性环境中,粒子滤波相对于其他4种滤波器滤波精度更高,但计算复杂耗时长,该结果可为非线性目标跟踪滤波算法的选取提供有益的参考.