Algorithm to solve a chance‐constrained network capacity design problem with stochastic demands and finite support

We consider the problem of determining the capacity to assign to each arc in a given network, subject to uncertainty in the supply and/or demand of each node. This design problem underlies many real‐world applications, such as the design of power transmission and telecommunications networks. We first consider the case where a set of supply/demand scenarios are provided, and we must determine the minimum‐cost set of arc capacities such that a feasible flow exists for each scenario. We briefly review existing theoretical approaches to solving this problem and explore implementation strategies to reduce run times. With this as a foundation, our primary focus is on a chance‐constrained version of the problem in which α% of the scenarios must be feasible under the chosen capacity, where α is a user‐defined parameter and the specific scenarios to be satisfied are not predetermined. We describe an algorithm which utilizes a separation routine for identifying violated cut‐sets which can solve the problem to optimality, and we present computational results. We also present a novel greedy algorithm, our primary contribution, which can be used to solve for a high quality heuristic solution. We present computational analysis to evaluate the performance of our proposed approaches. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 236–246, 2016     

喷嘴结构对高压水射流影响及结构参数优化设计

喷嘴是产生高压水射流的关键部件,其结构形式对射流动力学性能有很大影响。以圆柱形喷嘴为对象,进行喷嘴结构对高压水射流的影响分析及结构参数优化设计。采用两相流计算流体力学模型进行喷嘴内外的射流流场分析。为节省计算资源,在优化设计时引入Kriging代理模型替代计算流体力学模型。分别采用改进的非劣分类遗传算法和基于分解的多目标进化算法进行单目标和多目标优化设计。研究结果表明:直线型喷嘴总体性能较优,凹型喷嘴的次之,凸型喷嘴性能最差。以直线型喷嘴为设计对象,以射流初始段长度和流量为目标,得到了单目标和多目标优化设计结果。单目标优化时,两个指标较基准外形分别提高14.71%和27.56%。多目标优化时,优化得到的半锥角处于[15.4°,89.8°]区间内。运用代理模型和进化算法的全局优化方法在进行喷嘴的优化设计时是有效的。     

分布交互仿真技术在作战理论研究中的应用

介绍了分布交互仿真技术的发展现状,对应用分布交互仿真技术进行作战理论研究的问题进行了探讨。     

基于模糊综合评价法的装甲团城市 市区进攻战斗部署方案优化研究

战斗部署的内容是决心方案的主体部分,战斗部署确定的合理与否,将会直接影响到战斗方案的质量。因此,准确的评估战斗部署方案,对提高作战指挥决策的科学性,保障指挥员定下正确、合理的战斗决心具有重要意义。论文根据战斗部署的定义和战斗部署的要求,建立了城市市区进攻战斗部署的评价指标体系,并采用层次分析法确定其权重,最后使用模糊综合评价法对战斗部署方案进行评估。     

信息作战中组网雷达体系对抗仿真系统研究

体系对抗是信息化战争的显著特点。体系对抗仿真是进行信息化战争作战效能分析的重要手段之一。针对组网雷达对抗呈现的体系对抗特点,阐述了组网雷达体系对抗仿真的意义,着重讨论了组网雷达体系对抗仿真的物理域、信息域和认知域建模问题,设计了基于HLA技术体系的仿真系统框架。仿真系统的建立对于组网雷达体系对抗效能评估具有十分重要的价值。     

军队高层次创新型科技人才研修班经验与改革

科学技术是军事发展中最活跃、最具革命性的因素,每一次重大科技进步和创新都会引起战争形态和作战方式的深刻变革。在新的时代背景下,着眼建设世界一流军队,习主席明确要求,要下更大力气推动科技兴军,坚持向科技创新要战斗力,为我军建设提供强大科技支撑。科技兴军的核心要义是因靠科技创新推动军队建设,关键是要造就一批瞄准科技前沿、勇于善于创新的排头兵和突击队。本文以全军高层次创新性科技人才研修班为例,系统总结了研修班在组织模式、培训内容、教学方法和平台手段建设方面的有效做法和成功经验,并提出组训模式、培训方式、内容体系、师资力量等方面的建设发展提出建议,进而为我军着力培养科技创新领军人才和拔尖人才,强力推进科技兴军伟大实践提供经验启示和发展思路。     

Balancing a one‐way corridor capacity and safety‐oriented reliability: A stochastic optimization approach for metro train timetabling

In urban rail transit systems of large cities, the headway and following distance of successive trains have been compressed as much as possible to enhance the corridor capacity to satisfy extremely high passenger demand during peak hours. To prevent train collisions and ensure the safety of trains, a safe following distance of trains must be maintained. However, this requirement is subject to a series of complex factors, such as the uncertain train braking performance, train communication delay, and driver reaction time. In this paper, we propose a unified mathematical framework to analyze the safety‐oriented reliability of metro train timetables with different corridor capacities, that is, the train traffic density, and determine the most reliable train timetable for metro lines in an uncertain environment. By employing a space‐time network representation in the formulations, the reliability‐based train timetabling problem is formulated as a nonlinear stochastic programming model, in which we use 0‐1 variables to denote the time‐dependent velocity and position of all involved trains. Several reformulation techniques are developed to obtain an equivalent mixed integer programming model with quadratic constraints (MIQCP) that can be solved to optimality by some commercial solvers. To improve the computational efficiency of the MIQCP model, we develop a dual decomposition solution framework that decomposes the primal problem into several sets of subproblems by dualizing the coupling constraints across different samples. An exact dynamic programming combined with search space reduction strategies is also developed to solve the exact optimal solutions of these subproblems. Two sets of numerical experiments, which involve a relatively small‐scale case and a real‐world instance based on the operation data of the Beijing subway Changping Line are implemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.     

自然冷却混凝土显微痕迹研究

模拟火灾情况,分别对不同受热温度、自然冷却条件下的混凝土样品进行扫描电子显微镜分析。发现自然冷却条件下,混凝土受热温度不同时,微观形貌成一定的变化规律。C-S-H凝胶结构和骨料与水泥浆体界面处都会随温度发生特征变化。根据这一变化规律可鉴定自然冷却条件下混凝土受热温度,有助于准确认定起火部位。     

李先念指导实施三线建设

李先念长期担任中共中央政治局委员、书记处书记、国务院副总理兼财政部部长等职,参与制定了三线建设一系列重大战略决策,直接领导实施了三线重点工程建设,并指导三线建设重点企业进行调整改造,是第一、第二两代中央领导集体中唯一参加了三线建设决策制定、指导实施、调整改造三个阶段全过程的重要成员,为三线建设做出重要贡献。     

含偶氮甲酰胺复合食品添加剂生产的火灾危险性及消防安全对策

偶氮甲酰胺是一种常用食品添加剂,通常与其它添加剂复合以后使用,在复配过程中有发生燃烧爆炸的危险。对含偶氮甲酰胺复合食品添加剂生产中的火灾危险性进行分析,探讨预防火灾及爆炸事故发生的有效措施,并提出应急处理、灭火需要注意的事项。