基于R-树索引的Map-Reduce空间连接聚集操作

空间连接聚集是一种常用并且非常耗时的空间数据库操作,特别是在面对大规模空间数据集时,单机运行环境难以满足其对时空开销的需求,如何设计高效的面向云计算环境中的分布式空间连接聚集算法越来越受到人们关注。Map-Reduce作为云计算的核心模式受限于其扁平化的串行扫描操作模型,常被用来加速非索引的空间连接操作,现有工作尚无将Map-Reduce和R-树索引结合来处理空间连接聚集。因此,提出了基于R-树索引的Map-Reduce空间连接聚集算法(RSJA-MR)来更高效地返回连接聚集结果。提出一种分布式R-树索引结构以支持大规模空间数据的索引,RSJA-MR算法利用分布式R-树生成任务集,任务集的执行满足无依赖并行计算模式,很容易在Map-Reduce框架中进行表达。文中提出一种实时缓存策略以支持索引并发访问。实验结果表明:相比非索引的Map-Reduce连接聚集算法,在空间交叠连接聚集查询上,时间性能最少提升8%,在空间包含连接聚集查询上,时间性能最少提升近35%。     

基于粒子群优化的点云场景拼接算法

多视点三维点点云场景拼接是解决激光三维主动成像目标自遮挡或被遮挡情况下目标数据不完全问题的一种有效方法,它将直接影响到后续的目标检测与识别处理。本文提出了一种基于粒子群优化（PSO）的点云拼接算法,该方法通过投影分布熵对待拼接场景姿态进行估计,由此获取场景拼接的初值,然后利用PSO实现多视点场景的精确拼接。仿真实验结果表明,本文方法是一种有效可行的方法。     

Technical and proliferation‐related aspects of the dismantlement of Russian Alfa‐Class nuclear submarines

When does a state become a “nuclear weapon state”? How we choose to answer this question has significant implications for proliferation assessment, analysis, and policy. Traditionally, the standard demarcation line has been a state's first nuclear test, but in recent years analysts have increasingly focused instead on the accumulation of a significant quantity (SQ) of fissile material. The article argues that although the test/no-test indicator clearly has problems, its replacement by the SQ/no-SQ indicator would be highly counterproductive. The article instead proposes supplementing the traditional test/no-test indicator with a theory-driven approach that focuses on the incentives and disincentives to test.     

油气悬架非线性刚度的统计线性化研究

介绍了一种双气室油气悬架结构,基于理想气体状态方程,推导了其刚度的非线性特性.以传统线性悬架模型为基础,根据概率统计理论和数值迭代理论,提出了一种油气悬架非线性刚度的统计线性化方法,并分析了油气弹簧统计线性刚度的迭代收敛性.通过与非线性实体模型的仿真对比,验证了利用统计线性化刚度收敛值建立的线性模型的有效性.     

水面舰艇编队空中威胁扇面角预测模型

针对水面舰艇编队空中威胁扇面角的预测问题,分析了影响空中威胁扇面角大小的主要因素。以具有航路规划能力的远程反舰导弹为对象,从航空兵及远程反舰导弹的作战使用特点和装备性能限制着手,建立了计算威胁扇面角的数学模型。通过仿真分析,得出了主要参数对威胁扇面角的影响规律,为水面舰艇编队对空防御兵力的配置提供了依据。     

Book review

This paper investigates the economic roots of separatist terrorism in Turkey. The political conventional wisdom is that poverty in highly Kurdish‐populated, south‐eastern Turkey is one of the most important causes of separatist terrorism and Turkish–Kurdish conflict in Turkey. Therefore, many economic policies have been implemented to improve the economic conditions in the south‐eastern part of the country. Using the Global Terrorism Database and Vector Autoregression (VAR) methodology, I find that there is no causal relationship between economic conditions in south‐eastern Turkey and separatist terrorism. Therefore policy‐makers should be cautious in using economic measures to prevent separatist terrorism in Turkey.     

NON‐LINEARITY IN THE DEFENCE EXPENDITURE – ECONOMIC GROWTH RELATIONSHIP IN TAIWAN

As we enter the 21st Century, technologies originally developed for defense purposes such as computers and satellite communications appear to have become a driving force behind economic growth in the United States. Paradoxically, almost all previous econometric models suggest that the largely defense‐oriented federal industrial R&;D funding that helped create these technologies had no discernible effect on U.S. industrial productivity growth. This paper addresses this paradox by stressing that defense procurement as well as federal R&;D expenditures were targeted to a few narrowly defined manufacturing sub‐sectors that produced high tech weaponry. Analysis employing data from the NBER Manufacturing Productivity Database and the BEA’ s Input Output tables then demonstrates that defense procurement policies did have significant effects on the productivity performance of disaggregated manufacturing industries because of a process of procurement‐driven technological change.     

Trade,conflict and alliances

This study examines the relationship between alliance conflict and international trade. Two schools of thought exist on this issue: some prominent writers suggest that alliance conflict reduces trade between two countries (the externality cost argument), while others suggest that it increases trade between certain countries at the cost of others (the alignment incentive argument). The study empirically tests the two propositions by analyzing the data on trade and conflict during the post‐WWII period. It is found that the relationship between trade and alliance conflict is statistically significant. The externality cost phenomenon occurs to allies, whereas the alignment incentive argument is true of neutrals. In addition, the findings of this study support the fundamental assumptions and major results in the studies of trade and conflict at the dyadic level.     

SOCIAL PREFERENCES FOR NATIONAL DEFENCE AND POLICE ENFORCEMENT IN WESTERN EUROPE

We study the determinants of social preferences for national defence and for police and law enforcement. For this task, we estimate a bivariate ordered probit model for a set of European countries (France, Finland, Norway, Portugal, Spain and Sweden) in 2006. Determinants of spending decisions for defence and police are found to be linked but are of significantly different magnitudes. Besides, measures against terrorist threats are positively linked to police and defence spending increases, while the subjective perception of fiscal pressure has no influence. Finally, no significant differences are found between Northern and Southern Europe.