Does defence expenditure have a spillover effect on income inequality? A cross-regional analysis in China

China’s defence expenditure has been growing rapidly along with GDP growth during the past two decades. Meanwhile, the income gap has continued to increase. There are conflicting views regarding whether the defence expenditure is capable of reducing income inequality. Therefore, this paper investigates the existence of any spillover effect of defence expenditure on income inequality, with a special focus on the regional differences among 31 provinces and 7 military regions in China. We extend panel cointegration and the impulse response function by using panel data during the period of 1997–2012. The empirical results show that the defence expenditure has an impact on income inequality, and the effect varies over different regions in China. The defence expenditure has a spillover effect on income inequality in the full sample panel and the southeastern panel. An increase in the defence expenditure does not crowd out social welfare spending due to the high level of economic development and government expenditure. On the contrary, in the northern panel, the effect is opposite because of the unbalanced economic development levels within the panel. Beijing as the capital of China, benefits more from the expansion of defence expenditure thus widening the income gap. In addition, the impulse response analyses further confirm a stronger effect of the defence expenditure on income inequality in the northern and the southeastern panels over a short period.     

Expected time delay in multi‐item inventory systems with correlated demands

This paper considers multi‐item inventory systems where a customer order may require several different items (i.e., demands are correlated across items) and customer satisfaction is measured by the time delays seen by the customers. Most inventory models on time delay in the literature assume each demand only requires one item (i.e., demands are not correlated across items or are independent). In this paper, we derive an exact expression for the expected total time delay. We show that when items are actually correlated, assuming items are independent leads to an overestimate of the total time delay. However, (1) it is extremely difficult in practice to obtain the demand information for all demand types (especially in a system with tens of thousands of part numbers), and (2) the problem becomes too complicated to be of practical interest when the correlation is considered. We then explore the possibility of including the demand information partially and develop bounds for the time delays. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 46: 671–688, 1999     

某型坦克炮常规弹药高原环境下打击效能试验

根据某型坦克炮所配备的制式常规弹药在高原的适应性试验情况,分析了该型坦克炮作战使用的主要弹种穿甲弹和杀伤爆破弹在高海拔条件下的外弹道状态,将平原地区与高原地区的测试数据进行了对比计算,对该型坦克炮配备的穿甲弹和杀伤爆破弹在高海拔条件下的打击效能加以分析和评估,为其在高原环境下作战和使用的打击效能提供参考依据。     

大学生思想政治教育中的“沉默螺旋”现象

"沉默的螺旋"理论是20世纪70年代德国社会学家诺尔诺依曼基于历史和传播的角度提出的关于舆论形成的理论假设,是现今学界研究受众反应的经典理论之一。本文就沉默螺旋理论在当代大学生思政传播中的存在性进行了论证,并分析了其对大学生思想政治教育可能产生的影响,结合实际,探讨了降低其负面影响的对策。     

基于广义非线性变换的特征谱线增强方法

为提高强背景噪声下频谱分析的特征提取能力,突出所关心的特征谱线,在非线性变换方法的基础上,提出了广义非线性变换方法。对比分析结果表明:广义非线性变换方法将固定的放大阈值改为可变值,提高了该方法实际应用的灵活性和适用性,易于获得最佳的特征谱线增强效果。     

海拔对离心泵吸入性能的影响

海拔对离心泵吸入性能影响较大,但对应关系不明确。为定量分析海拔与离心泵吸入性能的关系,需进行泵高原工作吸入性能实验。海拔与真空度关系密切,利用控制泵吸入口真空度的方法,开展泵高原工作吸入性能模拟实验,获取各工况下泵吸入口持液率数据,并绘制曲线图。实验结果表明：海拔每升高500 m,泵吸入口持液率下降2%~5%;随着海拔的提升,泵吸入性能下降速率加快,工作状态趋于不稳定。     

一种有机膨润土润滑脂的性能研究

以有机膨润土、HVI400矿物基础油、添加剂和极性助分散剂为原料,实验研究一种有机膨润土润滑脂,较详细地考察了极性助分散剂、添加剂及制备工艺（搅拌速度、搅拌时间、研磨次数）对膨润土润滑脂性能的影响.实验结果表明极性助分散剂采用丙酮时制备的膨润土润滑脂性能良好;液态添加剂比固体添加剂的效果好;制备工艺对膨润土润滑脂的性能有一定影响.采用15%有机膨润土稠化剂和85%HVI400矿物基础油,以2%-4%丙酮作极性助分散剂,添加0.5%抗氧剂、0.5%防锈剂、1%油性剂和4%极压抗磨剂,制备工艺为快速搅拌30 min,研制出一种性能良好的极压膨润土润滑脂,该润滑脂具有良好的高温性、胶体安定性、机械安定性、防锈性、抗水性和极压抗磨性.     

矿区生态型和非矿区生态型蜈蚣草对铅胁迫的生理响应

探讨不同矿区生态型蜈蚣草对铅的耐性及其耐铅机理,为进一步研究蜈蚣草植物修复射击场土壤的铅污染提供理论依据。在水培铅胁迫的环境条件,对矿区生态型和非矿区生态型蜈蚣草生长过程中的生物量、色素含量、MDA质量摩尔浓度和CAT,POD,SOD活性等进行了研究。研究发现,营养液中铅的加入抑制了蜈蚣草的生长,降低了羽叶中的色素含量,大幅度提高了MDA质量摩尔浓度和CAT,POD,SOD活性。结果表明,蜈蚣草对铅有一定的耐性,并且矿区生态型蜈蚣草的耐性明显高于非矿区生态型。主要表现为矿区生态型蜈蚣草的抗氧化酶活性高于非矿区生态型,生物量和色素含量受铅胁迫影响的程度相对较小。当铅质量浓度达到300 mg/L,铅胁迫15 d后,非矿区生态型蜈蚣草抗氧化酶系统紊乱,植株接近枯死状态,而矿区生态型蜈蚣草的耐性表现相对较好。     

悬臂式围护桩受力性状与内力传递特征试验

为研究悬臂式围护桩结构的内力、弯矩、位移和嵌固段的变化规律及特点,结合西宁火车站综合改造工程,对该深基坑支护结构在不同开挖工况条件下悬臂桩的受力性状与内力传递特征进行现场动态测试试验。试验结果表明:悬臂桩的受力特征与理论值有所差异,在实际设计中可对其在配筋方式、混凝土强度设计、嵌固段长度等方面进行优化。试验结果可以有效优化桩身设计,为复杂基坑在开挖过程中的支护结构受力及变形提供参考性依据。     

无人机测控系统Turbo-MAP译码方法

无人机测控数据链系统与地面控制站进行的是遥测数据、侦察图像及遥控指令的传输,因此,高质量的通信是确保无人机数据链发挥效能的关键技术之一。针对无人机信道的特点和要求,研究了无人机信道的Turbo-MAP译码模型,提出一种无人机测控系统Turbo-MAP译码方法,并针对各种参数条件进行了Matlab仿真。实验结果证明,该方法能够保证在发送数据的时候尽量使用长度较长的数据包且增加交织深度,并显著提升译码BER性能。