The Royal Navy's Polaris lobby, 1955–62

This article examines the background to the Royal Navy's acquisition of Polaris. The conventional wisdom is that the Navy had little interest in Polaris, which was foisted on it upon the cancellation of Skybolt. Extensive use of files in the Public Record Office is made to mount the contrary argument, that the Admiralty had been interested in the submarine-launched ballistic missile since at least 1955, that there was widespread support for it among the Naval Staff, that a substantial amount of preparatory work was undertaken with the assistance of the US Navy, and that the naval staff were prepared to accept the deterrent role. Naval tactics – to play a waiting game and feign indifference – have contributed to the establishment of the orthodox interpretation, as has the view that the Navy was handicapped by the lack of a body of doctrine within which the deterrent role could be accommodated. The article shows that the orthodox account cannot be sustained by the evidence, which points to a naval triumph in terms of Whitehall politics and inter-service competition.     

谈综合医院分子筛制氧系统消防设计的优化

PSA分子筛制氧是一种新型技术,在综合医院具有广泛的应用前景,但目前国内并没有相应的消防标准对其进行规范。介绍了PSA分子筛制氧系统的组成、工作原理及工作特点,从消防设计审核的角度提出了保证系统正常工作的安全性建议。     

THE LONG‐RUN RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEFENCE EXPENDITURES AND GDP IN TAIWAN

Using the Solow–Swan growth model and the time‐trend included in the aggregate production function, this study applies the multivariate cointegration approach to re‐investigate the long‐run and causal relationships between defence expenditures and GDP while controlling for capital and labour input in Taiwan during the 1955–2002 period. It examines the long‐run causal relationship using the weak exogeneity test and utilizes general impulse response functions to determine whether a shock to defence expenditures affects economic growth or vice versa. Our findings provide substantive evidence in favour of the existence of a long‐run equilibrium cointegrated relationship between defence expenditures, GDP, labour and capital stock. The results of the weak exogeneity test indicate that a bi‐directional causal relationship exists in the long‐run between defence expenditures and GDP. Thus, the main policy implication that emerges from the long‐run results is that increasing defence expenditures in Taiwan is an effective means to boost overall economic performance and, with this improved economy, it should then be able to increase its defence expenditures further. Lastly, from our dynamic vector error correction model estimations, it is found that defence expenditures are a major means of adjusting for disequilibria that occur within the system.     

电化教材的本质与功能结构简析

本文从认识论和时空观的角度提出教材发展中的三种载体、三种型式;论述了电化教材是“形象”螺旋回归的必然;从传统教材的质变,引伸出电化教材的选择性功能结构及其五大要素;阐述了电化教材在内容选取、表述方法、过程控制、超越时空等方面的“滞后”、“同步”、“超前”机动的综合时空观及其现实意义;最后明确指出:电化教学理论的土壤在于电化教材的建设及其运用。     

Effect of change of sand properties on travel distance of ricocheted debris

The debris from exploded buildings can ricochet after colliding with the ground, thus increasing the debris travel distance and danger from any associated impacts or collisions. To reduce this danger, the travel distance of ricocheted debris must be accurately predicted. This study analyzed the change in the travel distance of ricocheted concrete debris relative to changes in the properties of a sand medium. Direct shear tests were conducted to measure the change in internal friction angle as a function of temperature and water content of the sand. Finite element analysis (FEA) was then applied to these variables to predict the speed and angle of the debris after ricochet. The FEA results were compared with results of low-speed ricochet experiments, which employed variable temperature and water content. The travel distance of the debris was calculated using MATLAB, via trajectory equations considering the drag coefficient. As the internal friction angle decreased, the shear stress decreased, leading to deeper penetration of the debris into the sand. As the loss of kinetic energy increased, the velocity and travel distance of the ricocheted debris decreased. Changes in the ricochet velocity and travel distance of the debris, according to changes in the internal friction angle, indicated that the debris was affected by the environment.     

多指数连续相位调制信号的早迟环定时同步

针对多指数连续相位调制信号提出基于序列检测的早迟环定时同步,利用维特比算法的幸存度量构造定时误差估计器。根据误差估计的S曲线和方差,优化定时误差捕获范围和估计精度、消除环路假锁点,同时利用多指数连续相位调制的脉冲幅度调制分解对定时误差估计器进行简化。仿真结果表明,优化后的早迟环定时误差捕获范围最大可达±0.5个符号周期,估计精度在中低信噪比下能够接近修正的克拉美罗界,在高信噪比下也有较好的估计性能;当早迟环定时支路的分支度量简化至最大似然序列检测的1/8时,对多进制、部分响应的多指数连续相位调制信号,造成的解调性能损失小于0.5 d B。     

西部大开发 城市要先行——北疆铁路沿线城镇带发展战略

以北疆铁路沿线城市发展作为先导,带动全疆经济和社会的全面发展,是新疆大开发的重要战略.从区域经济发展的角度,提出了优化区域城镇带的具体方案和完善城镇带空间布局的设想和建议.     

小波包变换和支持向量机模拟电路故障诊断方法

为提高模拟电路故障诊断效率,将小波包变换和支持向量机结合起来,提出了一种完整的模拟电路故障快算检测和准确定位的方案.利用小波包变换对电路输出电压信号进行多层分解,提取各频带的能量作为故障特征,给出了具体的特征提取方法;利用支持向量机的多分类一对一方法,完成电路的故障定位,同时实现了小波函数的选择.在一模拟电路的故障仿真实验中,通过与BP,RBF和PNN等神经网络对比,结果显示该方法的诊断效率是很高的.     

舰载防空武器系统协同使用的电磁兼容性分析

为提高舰艇防空反导能力,针对舰栽防空武器系统协同反导的作战特点,分别从空域、时域和频域3方面对其电磁兼容性进行了深入研究,并在考虑火力和电磁兼容的基础上提出了舰载防空武器系统协同使用的流程图,对舰载防空武器系统反导作战使用具有重要的指导意义.