NiCl2-(CH2)6N4•HCI-H2O 三元体系组成及热致变色性能研究

本文用相平衡法研究了NiCl₂ -(CH₂)₆N₄?HCI-H₂O三元体系在30℃的溶解度,测定了各液相的折光率。结果表明生成了复合物2NiCl₂?(CH₂)₆N₄?HCI?9H₂O。文中介绍了该三元体系在13℃时平衡固相的热致变色性能,通过TG-DTA研究初步探讨了热致变色机理。     

战场态势的定量分析模型

在防空作战中,战场态势的分析非常重要,它是辅助决策的基础.针对战场态势的问题,以集对分析的同异反联系度和距离测度为基础,构造了战场态势的分析模型,进行了深入探讨.最后,通过实例计算表明了分析模型对于评估战场态势的可行性和有效性.     

Rigid elliptical cross-section ogive-nose projectiles penetration into concrete targets

The elliptical cross-section ogive-nose projectile (ECOP) has recently attracted attention because it is well suited to the flattened shape of earth-penetrating weapons. However, the penetration performance of ECOPs has not been completely understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the pene-tration performance of ECOPs into concrete targets using a theoretical method. A general geometric model of ECOPs was introduced, and closed-form penetration equations were derived according to the dynamic cavity-expansion theory. The model was validated by comparing the predicted penetration depths with test data, and the maximum deviation was 15.8％. The increment in the penetration depth of the ECOP was evaluated using the proposed model, and the effect of the major—minor axis ratio on the increment was examined. Additionally, the mechanism of the penetration-depth increment was inves-tigated with respect to the caliber radius head, axial stress, and resistance.     

Blast resistance evaluation of urban utility tunnel reinforced with BFRP bars

To improve corrosion-resistance of shallow-buried concrete urban utility tunnels(UUTs),basalt fiber reinforced polymer(BFRP)bars are applied to reinforce UUTs.As the UUT must have excellent survival capability under accidental explosions,a shallow-buried BFRP bars reinforced UUT(BBRU)was designed and constructed.Repetitive blast experiments were carried out on this BBRU.Dynamic responses,damage evolutions and failure styles of the BBRU under repetitive explosions were revealed.The tunnel roof is the most vulnerable component and longitudinal cracks develop along the tunnel.When the scaled distance is larger than 1.10 m/kg1/3,no cracks are observed in the experiments.When the BBRU is severely damaged,there are five cracks forming and developing along the roof.The roof is simplified as a clamped-supported one-way slab,proved by the observation that the maximum strain of the transverse bar is much larger than that of the longitudinal bar.Dynamic responses of the roof slab are predicted by dynamic Euler beam theory,which can consistently predict the roof displacement under large-scaled-distance explosion.Compared with the UUT reinforced with steel bars,the BBRU has advantages in blast resistance with smaller deflections and more evenly-distributed cracks when the scaled distance is smaller than 1.260 m/kg1/3 and the steel bars enter plastic state.Longer elastic defamation of the BFRP bars endows the UUT more excellent blast resistance under small-scaled-distance explosions.     

Numerical studies on four-engine rocket exhaust plume impinging on flame deflectors with afterburning

This paper studies the four-engine liquid rocket flow field during the launching phase. Using three-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations and two-equation realizable k-epsilon turbulence model, an impact model is established and flow fields of plume impinging on the two different shapes of flame deflectors, including wedge-shaped flame deflector and cone-shaped flame deflector, are calcu-lated. The finite-rate chemical kinetics is used to track chemical reactions. The simulation results show that afterburning mainly occurs in the mixed layer. And the region of peak pressure occurs directly under the rocket nozzle, which is the result of the direct impact of exhaust plume. Compared with the wedge-shaped flame deflector, the cone-shaped flame deflector has great performance on guiding exhaust gas. The wedge-shaped and cone-shaped flame deflectors guide the supersonic exhaust plume away from the impingement point with two directions and circumferential direction, respectively. The maximum pressure and temperature on the wedge-shaped flame deflector surface are 37.2% and 9.9% higher than those for the cone-shaped flame deflector. The results provide engineering guidance and theoretical significance for design in flame deflector of the launch platforms.     

Partial penetration of annular grooved projectiles impacting ductile metal targets

Changing and optimizing the projectile nose shape is an important way to achieve specific ballistic performance. One special ballistic performance is the embedding effect, which can achieve a delayed high-explosive reaction on the target surface. This embedding effect includes a rebound phase that is significantly different from the traditional penetration process. To better study embedment behavior, this study proposed a novel nose shape called an annular grooved projectile and defined its interaction process with the ductile metal plate as partial penetration. Specifically, we conducted a series of low-velocity-ballistic tests in which these steel projectiles were used to strike 16-mm-thick target plates made with 2024-O aluminum alloy. We observed the dynamic evolution characteristics of this aluminum alloy near the impact craters and analyzed these characteristics by corresponding cross-sectional views and numerical simulations. The results indicated that the penetration resistance had a brief decrease that was influenced by its groove structure, but then it increased significantly-that is, the fluctuation of penetration resistance was affected by the irregular nose shape. Moreover, we visualized the distribution of the material in the groove and its inflow process through the rheology lines in microscopic tests and the highlighted mesh lines in simulations. The combination of these phenomena revealed the embed-ment mechanism of the annular grooved projectile and optimized the design of the groove shape to achieve a more firm embedment performance. The embedment was achieved primarily by the target material filled in the groove structure. Therefore, preventing the shear failure that occurred on the filling material was key to achieving this embedding effect.     

Fabrication and characterization of Al-CuO nanocomposites prepared by sol-gel method

In this study, Al-CuO nanocomposites were fabricated by sol-gel method. As a contrast, the thermite was prepared by physical mixing at the equivalence ratio of 0.5, 1, 2, respectively. The intermediates and samples as prepared were characterized by SEM and XRD. The exothermic properties of the two samples prepared at different equivalence ratios were tested and the reaction products were characterized by XRD. The SEM results show that the sample prepared by the sol-gel method demonstrates a micron-sized agglomerated sphere formed by a mutual wrapping of Al NPs and CuO NPs, and the particles are evenly distributed in the agglomerate. In addition, when the content of Al powder is seriously insufficient, the heat release of the sample prepared by physical mixing is 1.6 times that of by sol-gel method. With the increase of Al powder content, the exothermic properties of Al/CuO NPs prepared by sol-gel method began to increase significantly compared with physical mixing and the difference is 1.5 times when the equivalence ratio increases to 2. It can be concluded that the reason for this result may be attributed to the different mass transfer modes of components due to the different morphologies of samples.     

武器装备的试训结合式作战试验研究

武器装备作战试验具有高度的动态化特征,与科学分析与统计学严控试验条件的要求相冲突.为尽可能在实战化条件下实现结果的精确性,从科学分析与统计学的视角构建了作战试验的推理模型,探讨了推理环节中可能影响结果精确性的各种表现,提出了试训结合式作战试验的构想与基本过程,指出策划该类作战试验的重点在于判定试验的终止条件,并结合案例进行了演示.     

作战试验遴选考核指标的准则研究

作战试验是武器装备试验鉴定的关键环节,影响其科学化水平的瓶颈之一是试验效益的规范界定.考虑到指标考核在作战试验中具有核心地位,讨论了遴选指标对于提升作战试验综合效益的重要意义,通过数值仿真,量化研究了作战试验指标考核可能存在的问题,并给出了遴选指标的具体建议.     

Transshipment through crossdocks with inventory and time windows

A major challenge in making supply meet demand is to coordinate transshipments across the supply chain to reduce costs and increase service levels in the face of demand fluctuations, short lead times, warehouse limitations, and transportation and inventory costs. In particular, transshipment through crossdocks, where just‐in‐time objectives prevail, requires precise scheduling between suppliers, crossdocks, and customers. In this work, we study the transshipment problem with supplier and customer time windows where flow is constrained by transportation schedules and warehouse capacities. Transportation is provided by fixed or flexible schedules and lot‐sizing is dealt with through multiple shipments. We develop polynomial‐time algorithms or, otherwise, provide the complexity of the problems studied. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005