消防专业教学改革探讨

讨论了消防本科教育的培养模式 ,提出了拓宽消防学科方向的必要性和进行课程体系改革的原则。指出合理的课程体系要注重有效知识的选择 ,要正确处理教育与培训的关系 ,突出专业基础教育 ,并且要根据学科发展状况及时更新教学内容 ,进行课程整合。形成独具特色与优势的核心学科方向和以课程为代表的核心知识与核心技术是创建有核心竞争力学科专业的前提 ,也是扩大武警学院消防专业办学规模和效益的关键所在     

混合遗传算法在大型运输机装载问题中的运用

为解决大型运输机装载方案的制定问题,构建了考虑飞机重心、飞机载重量、货舱容积、货物摆放方向、承压能力、装载优先级、货物底置位置和系留等现实约束的装载方案数学模型,提出了一种新的融合整体退火选择方式和对交叉、变异概率进行自适应处理的混合遗传算法,并将此方法运用到两个货物装载算例中。仿真实例表明:该混合遗传算法方法为大型运输机装载方案制定选择提供了一种科学有效的决策方法。     

基于最优打击序列的弹道导弹火力分配模型研究

针对弹道导弹火力计划的拟制过程进行研究。围绕效费比最大化目标,对目标打击序列的影响因素进行了分析,设计了打击目标排序算法;采用层次分析法对弹道导弹打击能力进行了分析,并对打击目标所使用的作战单位排序值进行了计算,建立了最优火力分配模型。该模型不仅可最大发挥作战单位的作战能力,而且满足以最小代价获取最佳打击效果。     

基于改进AHP的无人机作战能力量化研究

针对无人机平台及载荷类型多样、作战性能各异,难以统一量化分析的问题,提出一种基于改进AHP(层次分析法)的无人机作战能力量化方法,构建了目标-准则-指标-实例的多层作战能力结构关系.通过一种指数标度方法,降低了标度的主观性影响,优化了层次结构元素权重求解.基于无人机装备的作战能力构成构建量化指标体系,较好地实现了多类型无人机作战能力的量化评估,对于多无人机协同作战的兵力分析具有一定的实用价值.     

Recent progress on transition metal oxides and carbon-supported transition metal oxides as catalysts for thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

As a main oxidizer in solid composite propellants, ammonium perchlorate (AP) plays an important role because its thermal decomposition behavior has a direct influence on the characteristic of solid com-posite propellants. To improve the performance of solid composite propellant, it is necessary to take measures to modify the thermal decomposition behavior of AP. In recent years, transition metal oxides and carbon-supported transition metal oxides have drawn considerable attention due to their extraor-dinary catalytic activity. In this review, we highlight strategies to enhance the thermal decomposition of AP by tuning morphology, varying the types of metal ion, and coupling with carbon analogue. The enhanced catalytic performance can be ascribed to synergistic effect, increased surface area, more exposed active sites, and accelerated electron transportation and so on. The mechanism of AP decom-position mixed with catalyst has also been briefly summarized. Finally, a conclusive outlook and possible research directions are suggested to address challenges such as lacking practical application in actual formulation of solid composite propellant and batch manufacturing.     

Fracture mechanism of a cylindrical shell cut by circumferential detonation collision

The failure mechanism of a cylindrical shell cut into fragments by circumferential detonation collision was experimentally and numerically investigated. A self-designed detonation wave regulator was used to control the detonation and cut the shell. It was found that the self-designed regulator controlled the fragment shape. The macrostructure and micro-characteristics of fragments revealed that shear fracture was a prior mechanism, the shell fractured not only at the position of detonation collision, but the crack also penetrated the shell at the first contact position of the Chapmen-Jouguet (C-J) wave. The effects of groove number and outer layer thickness on the fracture behavior were tested by simulations. When the thickness of the outer layer was 5–18 mm, it has little effect on fragmentation of the shell, and shells all fractured at similar positions. The increase of the groove number reduced the fracture possibility of the first contact position of the C-J wave. When the groove number reached 7 with a 10 mm outer layer (1/4 model), the fracture only occurred at the position of detonation collision and the fragment width rebounded.     

Hypersonic impact flash characteristics of a long-rod projectile collision with a thin plate target

Impact flash occurs when objects collide at supersonic speeds and can be used for real-time damage assessment when weapons rely on kinetic energy to destroy targets.However,the mechanism of impact flash remains unclear.A series of impact flash experiments of flat-head long-rod projectiles impacting thin target plates were performed with a two-stage light gas gun.The impact flash spectra for 6061 aluminum at 1.3-3.2 km/s collision speeds were recorded with a high-speed camera,a photoelectric sensor,and a time-resolved spectrometer.The intensity of the impact flash exhibited a pulse charac-teristic with time.The intensity(I)increased with impact velocity(V0)according to I∝Vn0,where n = 4.41 for V0 ＞ 2 km/s.However,for V0 ＜ 2 km/s,n = 2.21,and the intense flash duration is an order of magnitude less than that of higher V0.When V0 ＞ 2 km/s,a continuous spectrum(thermal radiation background)was observed and increased in intensity with V0.However,for V0 ＜ 2 km/s,only atomic line spectra were detected.There was no aluminum spectral lines for V0 ＜ 2 km/s,which indicated that it had not been vaporized.The initial intense flash was emission from excited and ionized ambient gases near the impact surface,and had little relationship with shock temperature rise,indicating a new mechanism of impact flash.     

Numerical investigation on cooling performance of filter in a pyrotechnic gas generator

As a key part of the pyrotechnic gas generator,the filter not only removes the particulate matter but also cools the hot gas to a safe level.This paper aims to improve the understanding of the basic heat and flow phenomenon in the gas generator.The pyrotechnic gas generator is modelling by a simplified filter structure with fiber arrays.A finite-volume model of the heat and fluid flow is proposed to simulate the detailed multi-dimensional flow and energy conversion behaviors.Several verification results are in good agreement with data in different references.Simulation results demonstrate that the filter can not only absorb heat from the gas but also cause the high intensity enhancement of the heat transfer.The per-formance difference between inline and staggered arrays is also discussed.The findings of the study put a further prediction tool for the understanding and design of the filter system with fibers.     

Cooperative interception with fast multiple model adaptive estimation

For the case that two pursuers intercept an evasive target, the cooperative strategies and state estimation methods taken by pursuers can seriously affect the guidance accuracy for the target, which performs a bang For the case that two pursuers intercept an evasive target, the cooperative strategies and state estimation methods taken by pursuers can seriously affect the guidance accuracy for the target, which performs a bang-bang evasive maneuver with a random switching time. Combined Fast multiple model adaptive estimation (Fast MMAE) algorithm, the cooperative guidance law takes detection configuration affecting the accuracy of interception into consideration. Introduced the detection error model related to the line-of-sight (LOS) separation angle of two interceptors, an optimal cooperative guidance law solving the optimization problem is designed to modulate the LOS separation angle to reduce the estimation error and improve the interception performance. Due to the uncertainty of the target bang-bang maneuver switching time and the effective fitting of its multi-modal motion, Fast MMAE is introduced to identify its maneuver switching time and estimate the acceleration of the target to track and intercept the target accurately. The designed cooperative optimal guidance law with Fast MMAE has better estimation ability and interception performance than the traditional guidance law and estimation method via Monte Carlo simulation.     

Mitigation effects on the reflected overpressure of blast shock with water surrounding an explosive in a confined space

The mitigation of blast shock with water has broad application prospects. Understanding the mitigation effects on the reflected overpressure of the explosion shock with water surrounding an explosive in a confined space is of great significance for military explosives safety applications. To estimate the effects of the parameters on the reflected overpressure of blasted shock wave, a series of experiments were carried out in confined containers with spherical explosives immersed in a certain thickness of water, and numerical simulations were conducted to explore the corresponding mechanisms. The results reveal that the reflected overpressure is abnormally aggravated at a small scaled distance. This aggravation is due to the high impulse of the bulk accelerated water shell converted from the explosion. With increasing scaled distance, the energy will be gradually dissipated. The mitigation effects will appear with the dispersed water phase front impacting at a larger scaled distance, except in the case of a dense water phase state. A critical scaled distance range of 0.7—0.8 m/kg1/3 for effective mitigation was found. It is suggested that the scaled distance of space walls should be larger than the critical value for a certain water-to-explosive weight ratio range (5—20).