再谈小学语文教师的职责

在课标修订的大环境下,小学语文课堂教学不仅应有新的变化,同时也赋予小学语文教师新的职责。如今小学语文教师的职责已不单纯的只是上好一堂课,而更多地体现为如何全方位地培养学生的语文素养。因此,在新课程标准的指导下,小学语文教师尤其需要正确把握自身职责的转变,积极领会现代社会的要求,在培养学生语文素养的同时,也应兼顾自身素质的提升,这也是素质教育对小学语文教师提出的现实要求。     

Traffic channeling under uncertain conversion rates on e-commerce platforms

Traffic is the lifeblood of every e-commerce platform. The question of how to channel traffic to merchants operating on a platform lies at the heart of platform management. We consider a platform on which two independent merchants sell their products. Merchants compete on inventory in the sense that some of the unmet demand at one merchant will spill over to the other. The platform channels traffic based on products' conversion rates to maximize the total sale on the platform. We show that traffic channeling plays three roles. First, it allows more efficient allocation of traffic; that is, the merchant with a high conversion rate is given a higher priority in receiving traffic. Second, it allows the platform to control demand spillover between the merchants to maximize total sales. The platform either facilitates or prevents demand spillover, depending on product substitutability. Third, traffic channeling intensifies competition between the merchants and hence increases the total inventory. More efficient allocation of traffic and the increase in inventory increase sales inequality between the merchants. In contrast, demand spillover decreases sales inequality. While the platform always benefits from traffic channeling, the merchants do not benefit when their products are moderately substitutable. Interestingly, when the two products are owned and sold by the same merchant, the opposite happens–traffic channeling always benefits the merchant but may hurt the platform. Our study provides a basis for informed discussions on how platforms should channel traffic in response to conversion rates, and how traffic channeling affects the welfare of merchants and platforms.     

Cyclic best first search: Using contours to guide branch‐and‐bound algorithms

The cyclic best‐first search (CBFS) strategy is a recent search strategy that has been successfully applied to branch‐and‐bound algorithms in a number of different settings. CBFS is a modification of best‐first search (BFS) that places search tree subproblems into contours which are collections of subproblems grouped in some way, and repeatedly cycles through all non‐empty contours, selecting one subproblem to explore from each. In this article, the theoretical properties of CBFS are analyzed for the first time. CBFS is proved to be a generalization of all other search strategies by using a contour definition that explores the same sequence of subproblems as any other search strategy. Further, a bound is proved between the number of subproblems explored by BFS and the number of children generated by CBFS, given a fixed branching strategy and set of pruning rules. Finally, a discussion of heuristic contour‐labeling functions is provided, and proof‐of‐concept computational results for mixed‐integer programming problems from the MIPLIB 2010 database are shown. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 64: 64–82, 2017     

Fracture mechanism of a cylindrical shell cut by circumferential detonation collision

The failure mechanism of a cylindrical shell cut into fragments by circumferential detonation collision was experimentally and numerically investigated. A self-designed detonation wave regulator was used to control the detonation and cut the shell. It was found that the self-designed regulator controlled the fragment shape. The macrostructure and micro-characteristics of fragments revealed that shear fracture was a prior mechanism, the shell fractured not only at the position of detonation collision, but the crack also penetrated the shell at the first contact position of the Chapmen-Jouguet (C-J) wave. The effects of groove number and outer layer thickness on the fracture behavior were tested by simulations. When the thickness of the outer layer was 5–18 mm, it has little effect on fragmentation of the shell, and shells all fractured at similar positions. The increase of the groove number reduced the fracture possibility of the first contact position of the C-J wave. When the groove number reached 7 with a 10 mm outer layer (1/4 model), the fracture only occurred at the position of detonation collision and the fragment width rebounded.     

Mitigation effects on the reflected overpressure of blast shock with water surrounding an explosive in a confined space

The mitigation of blast shock with water has broad application prospects. Understanding the mitigation effects on the reflected overpressure of the explosion shock with water surrounding an explosive in a confined space is of great significance for military explosives safety applications. To estimate the effects of the parameters on the reflected overpressure of blasted shock wave, a series of experiments were carried out in confined containers with spherical explosives immersed in a certain thickness of water, and numerical simulations were conducted to explore the corresponding mechanisms. The results reveal that the reflected overpressure is abnormally aggravated at a small scaled distance. This aggravation is due to the high impulse of the bulk accelerated water shell converted from the explosion. With increasing scaled distance, the energy will be gradually dissipated. The mitigation effects will appear with the dispersed water phase front impacting at a larger scaled distance, except in the case of a dense water phase state. A critical scaled distance range of 0.7—0.8 m/kg1/3 for effective mitigation was found. It is suggested that the scaled distance of space walls should be larger than the critical value for a certain water-to-explosive weight ratio range (5—20).     

基于双程方向图的FDA干扰性能分析

针对文献中基于FDA双程图的干扰抑制研究较少的现状,在文献中采用MVDR波束形成器计算最优权矢量方法的基础上展开了进一步的分析.现有文献中关于FDA阵列的研究主要包括基于子阵结构划分的分析;基于非线性频偏增量的分析;基于FDA-MIMO结构的分析以及基于波束形成算法的分析.从4个方面对基于FDA阵列双程图的干扰抑制特性...     

基于平台支撑流程驱动的军用软件测试过程实施

为了解决在军用软件测试过程中各项活动的生命周期过度依赖人工驱动的问题,在相关的国/军标指导下,基于军用软件测试和项目管理相关技术和理论,设计了一种基于平台支撑流程驱动的军用软件测试过程实施模型.该模型有利于在平台支撑下军用软件测试过程的自动化实施,可以提高测试效率和降低测试成本,提升军用软件测评实验室的管理能力,在军民...     

基于并行学习鲁棒自适应的多操纵面飞机故障估计方法

针对多操纵面飞机执行机构多发、频发故障的严峻问题,提出了一种鲁棒自适应故障估计方法,以得到精确故障信息.通过低通滤波,结合并行学习技术,引入了一组系统变量的滤波变量;基于上述滤波变量,构建了故障估计直接误差向量,进而设计了鲁棒自适应故障估计器;基于Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了所设计估计器的收敛性和鲁棒性.以ADMI...     

A nuclear-armed North Korea without ICBMs: the best achievable objective

This article analyzes the North Korean nuclear crisis from a balance-of-power perspective. It is in the long-term interests of international peace for a secure and independent North Korea to serve as a buffer between US and Chinese ground forces. However, the conventional military advantage of the South Korean-American alliance over North Korea has grown drastically since the end of the Cold War, threatening North Korea’s survival. Since North Korea lacks any reliable ally, nuclear weapons represent its most cost-effective way to restore a balance of power and thus secure itself. Accepting security guarantees in exchange for its nuclear arsenal is rhetorically appealing but not a viable approach. North Korea’s development of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), however, has overcompensated for the post-Cold War imbalance, inviting talk in Washington of waging a preventive war. Persuading North Korea to give up its ICBM capability, not its nuclear arsenal, should therefore be the primary objective of US diplomacy.     

略论孙子战争控制观

战争控制是战争指导者对战争的发生、发展、规模、强度及后果等有意识地加以限制和约束的行为。一代兵学大师孙武对战争控制问题给予了较高的重视,并进行了较多的论述。本文试图从“安国全军”的整体控制观、“致人而不致于人”的主动控制观、“战胜强立”的实战控制观,“全争天下”的综合控制观等四个方面对孙子的战争控制观加以阐释。