A Markovian model for process setup and improvement

We examine the setup and improvement policies for a production process with multiple performance states. Assume that the production process deteriorates randomly over time, following a Markovian process with known transition probabilities. In order to reduce the production cost incurred because of process deterioration, the process is inspected at the end of each period. Then one of three actions may be taken: do nothing, perform routine process setup, or perform routine setup and process improvement. The routine setup operation returns the process to its best performance state, whereas the process improvement action may reduce future production and setup costs and improve the process-state transition probabilities. A discounted Markovian model is formulated to find the strategy that minimizes the total cost of operating the production process. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 44: 383–400, 1997     

Exact bayesian estimation of system reliability from component test data

System reliability is often estimated by the use of components' reliability test results when system test data are not available, or are very scarce. A method is proposed for computing the exact posterior probability density function, cumulative distribution function, and credible intervals for system reliability in a Bayesian setting, with the use of components' prior probability distributions and current test results. The method can be applied to series, parallel, and many mixed systems. Although in theory the method involves evaluating infinite series, numerical results show that a small number of terms from the infinite series are sufficient in practice to provide accurate estimates of system reliability. Furthermore, because the coefficients in the series follow some recurrence relations, our results allow us to calculate the reliability distribution of a large system from that of its subsystems. Error bounds associated with the proposed method are also given. Numerical comparisons with other existing approaches show that the proposed method is efficient and accurate. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Planning accelerated life tests for censored two‐parameter exponential distributions

We consider optimal test plans involving life distributions with failure‐free life, i.e., where there is an unknown threshold parameter below which no failure will occur. These distributions do not satisfy the regularity conditions and thus the usual approach of using the Fisher information matrix to obtain an optimal accelerated life testing (ALT) plan cannot be applied. In this paper, we assume that lifetime follows a two‐parameter exponential distribution and the stress‐life relationship is given by the inverse power law model. Near‐optimal test plans for constant‐stress ALT under both failure‐censoring and time‐censoring are obtained. We first obtain unbiased estimates for the parameters and give the approximate variance of these estimates for both failure‐censored and time‐censored data. Using these results, the variance for the approximate unbiased estimate of a percentile at a design stress is computed and then minimized to produce the near‐optimal plan. Finally, a numerical example is presented together with simulation results to study the accuracy of the approximate variance given by the proposed plan and show that it outperforms the equal‐allocation plan. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 46: 169–186, 1999     

Cu(Ⅱ)大环希夫碱配合物的合成与表征

以邻苯二甲醛和邻苯二胺为原料,三水合硝酸铜为模板剂,用模板反应在无水乙醇中制备了一种新的固体配合物[CuL](NO_3)_2·6H_2O。通过元素分析、磁化率及摩尔电导测定、红外光谱和电子光谱分析、热重-差热分析等,确定了配合物的组成、立体结构与对称性,并对其电致变色机理进行了初步的探讨。     

A note on parallel machine replacement

Jones, Zydiak, and Hopp [1] consider the parallel machine replacement problem (PMRP), in which there are both fixed and variable costs associated with replacing machines. Increasing maintenance cost motivates replacements, and a fixed replacement cost provides incentive for replacing machines of the same age in clusters. They prove two intuitive but important results for finite- or infinite-horizon PMRPs, which significantly reduce the size of the linear programming (LP) formulation of the problem and computing efforts required to obtain an optimal replacement policy. Their results are the no-splitting rule (NSR) and the older cluster replacement rule (OCRR). Under a slightly weaker set of assumptions, we prove a third rule, the all-or-none rule (AONR), which states that in any period, an optimal policy is to keep or to replace all the machines regardless of age. This result further reduces the size of the LP formulation of the PMRP. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

中世纪外国军事思想初探

军事思想是人们对战争、军队和国防的基本问题的理性认识。研究和总结人类各个时期军事思想的历史发展和特点,是对军事领域问题探讨的过程之一,是人类在军事领域自我认知的手段和途径,是超越自我、实现突破的必经之路。中世纪世界军事思想在特定的历史条件下.经历了一个缓慢的历史演变过程,其战争观、军队建设和战略战术思想有了较大的发展,呈现出缓慢性、演进性和多元性的特征。     

截顶圆锥薄壳振动特性的计算

用有限单元法计算,单元为轴对称截锥壳。法向位移函数w 和周向位移函数v 采用三次多项式,纵向位移函数u 为线性多项式。其节圆自由度选取节圆上三个位移,一个转角和一个剪应变。计算结果与文献[1]、[2]和[3]作了比较。这方法和程序可以应用于计算截顶圆锥壳的振动特性。     

确立与建设信息化部队相适应的思想观念

积极推进中国特色军事变革 ,领导干部必须牢固确立与建设信息化部队相适应的思想观念 :其一 ,信息化战争正逐步取代机械化战争 ;推进中国特色军事变革 ,必须确立信息化是我军现代化建设“主要目标”的观念。其二 ,信息化战争中信息居于整个作战体系的中枢 ;建设信息化部队 ,必须确立信息力是“第一战斗力”的观念。其三 ,信息化战争实质上是人的知识技能的较量 ;建设信息化部队 ,必须确立人才是“第一资源”的观念。其四 ,信息化战争是诸军兵种一体化的联合作战 ;建设信息化部队 ,必须确立搞好顶层设计、促进全面协调发展是“第一要求”的观念     

碳化硼涂覆的碳纤维的抗热氧化性研究

用自己合成的裂解能得到碳化硼的聚碳硼烷,对碳纤维进行涂层,并详细测试了涂层碳纤维的抗热氧化性能。     

Modeling and solution for the ship stowage planning problem of coils in the steel industry

We consider a ship stowage planning problem where steel coils with known destination ports are to be loaded onto a ship. The coils are to be stowed on the ship in rows. Due to their heavy weight and cylindrical shape, coils can be stowed in at most two levels. Different from stowage problems in previous studies, in this problem there are no fixed positions on the ship for the coils due to their different sizes. At a destination port, if a coil to be unloaded is not at a top position, those blocking it need to be shuffled. In addition, the stability of ship has to be maintained after unloading at each destination port. The objective for the stowage planning problem is to minimize a combination of ship instability throughout the entire voyage, the shuffles needed for unloading at the destination ports, and the dispersion of coils to be unloaded at the same destination port. We formulate the problem as a novel mixed integer linear programming model. Several valid inequalities are derived to help reducing solution time. A tabu search (TS) algorithm is developed for the problem with the initial solution generated using a construction heuristic. To evaluate the proposed TS algorithm, numerical experiments are carried out on problem instances of three different scales by comparing it with a model‐based decomposition heuristic, the classic TS algorithm, the particle swarm optimization algorithm, and the manual method used in practice. The results show that for small problems, the proposed algorithm can generate optimal solutions. For medium and large practical problems, the proposed algorithm outperforms other methods. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 564–581, 2015