预燃室内气氢气氧射流燃烧过程数值分析

建立了液体火箭发动机预燃室内气氢气氧射流燃烧过程的数学模型,包括燃烧过程控制守恒方程、湍流流动方程和湍流燃烧模型,以及求解控制方程所需的辅助关系式;给出了模拟射流燃烧过程的数值方法。对于给定的预燃室结构型式和尺寸,研究了喷嘴构型和氧的喷射方式对化学反应流场和燃烧性能的影响规律。结果表明,喷嘴构型和氧的喷射方式对流动过程和燃烧性能都有影响,且喷嘴结构的影响较为明显。     

湍流射流火焰中煤粉颗粒尺寸和结构的变化

采用湍流煤粉射流火焰模拟实际工业煤粉燃烧中的迅速热解,取样分析实验研究煤粉热解过程中颗粒尺寸和内部结构的变化。结果表明：在热解过程中煤粉颗粒体积发生了明显的膨胀,膨胀程度强烈地依赖于颗粒的初始尺寸和加热速率;热解时挥发份的迅速释放及煤的热塑性导致了颗粒内部的空心结构,这种结构有效地提高炭粒的燃烧速率。     

Statistical equivalency and optimality of simple step‐stress accelerated test plans for the exponential distribution

Accelerated life testing (ALT) is commonly used to obtain reliability information about a product in a timely manner. Several stress loading designs have been proposed and recent research interests have emerged concerning the development of equivalent ALT plans. Step‐stress ALT (SSALT) is one of the most commonly used stress loadings because it usually shortens the test duration and reduces the number of required test units. This article considers two fundamental questions when designing a SSALT and provides formal proofs in answer to each. Namely: (1) can a simple SSALT be designed so that it is equivalent to other stress loading designs? (2) when optimizing a multilevel SSALT, does it degenerate to a simple SSALT plan? The answers to both queries, under certain reasonable model assumptions, are shown to be a qualified YES. In addition, we provide an argument to support the rationale of a common practice in designing a SSALT, that is, setting the higher stress level as high as possible in a SSALT plan. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013     

Integrated scheduling of loading and transportation with tractors and semitrailers separated

Motivated by some practical applications, we study a new integrated loading and transportation scheduling problem. Given a set of jobs, a single crane is available to load jobs, one by one, onto semitrailers with a given capacity. Loaded semitrailers are assigned to tractors for transportation tasks. Subject to limited resources (crane, semitrailers, and tractors), the problem is to determine (1) an assignment of jobs to semitrailers for loading tasks, (2) a sequence for the crane to load jobs onto semitrailers, (3) an assignment of loaded semitrailers to tractors for transportation tasks, and (4) a transportation schedule of assigned tractors such that the completion time of the last transportation task is minimized. We first formulate the problem as a mixed integer linear programming model (MILPM) and prove that the problem is strongly NP‐hard. Then, optimality properties are provided which are useful in establishing an improved MILPM and designing solution algorithms. We develop a constructive heuristic, two LP‐based heuristics, and a recovering beam search heuristic to solve this problem. An improved procedure for solutions by heuristics is also presented. Furthermore, two branch‐and‐bound (B&B) algorithms with two different lower bounds are developed to solve the problem to optimality. Finally, computational experiments using both real data and randomly generated data demonstrate that our heuristics are highly efficient and effective. In terms of computational time and the number of instances solved to optimality in a time limit, the B&B algorithms are better than solving the MILPM. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 416–433, 2015     

基于锥形量热法的油池火相似性及点火特性模拟实验

针对油料池火灾相似性及点火特性研究需要,构建了一种基于耗氧原理的油池火锥形量热法模拟实验系统,引入火灾尺度相似性概念,研究了实验室尺度油池火与真实尺度油池火的相似性关系,探讨了实验室尺度油池火预测真实尺度油池火的可行性,基于实验室尺度锥形量热法研究了油池火点火特性,得到了辐射强度、辐射距离对油料点燃时间的影响规律以及点燃时间与锥照射强度之间的拟合公式。     

单层平板吸波体界面反射模型的带宽理论研究

为了优化和指导吸波体设计,介绍了单层平板吸波体界面反射模型,推导了模型所揭示的吸波体内部能量流动关系。在此基础上,导出吸波体反射吸收带宽计算公式,由界面反射模型得出影响吸收带宽的因素,包括吸波层厚度、1/4波长厚度在峰值频率处的变化率、指定的反射波能量、前界面反射波能量及后界面反射波能量等。利用推导的能量关系及带宽公式,对3个同轴样品进行分析计算,结果表明计算值与实验值吻合较好,带宽公式推导正确。     

车辆半主动悬挂的频域控制算法

依据阻尼对车辆悬挂各指标传递特性的影响在频域上存在一定一致性的特点,提出了一种频域半主动控制算法.该算法只需在车身上安装一个加速度传感器,通过简单的规则判定悬挂振动频率所属频带范围,并实施相应的阻尼控制,即可显著改善车辆的乘坐舒适性和操纵稳定性.与天棚控制相比,频域控制算法振动抑制效果好,所需传感器少,因而具有更好的性价比和可靠性,适用于工程应用.     

微波暗室静区反射率电平的能量法仿真

为提高微波暗室静区反射率电平在低频段的仿真计算精度,基于惠更斯原理和余弦辐射体的辐射通量计算公式,推导静区内某一点的直接辐射功率和来自室内6个面的间接辐射功率公式。在此基础上,得到微波暗室静区反射率电平能量法仿真计算模型。最后利用Matlab软件编程,对一个小型手机天线测试用微波暗室静区3个截面上的反射率电平进行能量法仿真计算。结果表明,能量法仿真得到的结果相比几何光学法更符合实际电磁波空间连续分布的特点。     

变距离静电电位检测研究

针对现有非接触式静电检测装置存在检测距离近且距离固定等问题,提出了对电位测量进行距离补偿的变距离静电电位检测方案。首先,从电位测量的基本原理出发,分析了距离测量误差与电位测量误差的关系,验证了精确测距的重要性,即要满足电位测量相对误差σV≤±10%,所选测距方式的距离测量相对误差-4.65%≤σd0≤5.41%的技术指标。然后,通过实验研究了检测距离与感应电位的关系,验证了0.5 m内对静电电位变距离测量的可行性,得到了对电位测量进行距离补偿的公式雏形Vs(V a,d)=Va(a+bd)c。依据此公式雏形以及大量的重复实验,可以得到公式中的各项参数值,编入单片机可实现对静电电位的变距离检测。     

国防动员领域重构的若干思考

国防动员是多领域综合的社会实践活动,不同的动员领域具有不同的特点和规律。随着技术的不断发展和新军事变革的不断推进,国防动员领域的结构划分需要重新考量并进行科学的重构。文章对国防动员领域存在的问题进行了分析并提出了对策建议。