功率循环下IGBT模块电热参数变化规律分析

为了分析IGBT模块老化过程中电热参数的变化规律,对IGBT模块进行了功率循环加速老化试验,并基于单脉冲测试方法在加速老化试验进程中每间隔1 000次功率循环,测取一次IGBT的结温、集电极电流与饱和压降三维关系曲面、开关能耗、热阻抗以及瞬态热阻抗曲线。IGBT模块老化失效时,其饱和压降、开通能耗、关断能耗以及热阻较其初始值分别增大了3.92%、12.05%、18.87%和22.65%,试验结果表明随着IGBT模块功率循环次数的增多,相同工作条件下IGBT饱和压降的增幅逐渐加大,而饱和压降、结温和集电极电流三者间的内在关系没有明显变化;IGBT瞬态热阻抗曲线暂态部分几乎不变,稳态部分向上移动的幅度逐渐加大;测取的IGBT模块电热参数中饱和压降增幅最小,开关能耗增幅较大,模块热阻的增幅最为明显。     

网络空间军队政治工作话语权的构建

习近平同志强调要"打造一流新兴媒体,掌握网络时代话语权"。军队网络政治工作话语权关系到军队的安全、意识形态安全甚至国家安全。文章研究,积极适应网络信息化发展的新特点,主动占领网络阵地,不断掌握网络政治工作话语权,注重熟识军队网络政治工作的特点、分析网络政治工作存在的问题、创新网络政治工作的发展路径。文章指出,当前,提升军队网络政治工作话语权必须增强网络话语设置自觉,促进网络话语广泛传播,主动参与网络话语交锋和提高网络政治工作教育话语能力。     

高压强流脉冲变压器

在脉冲功率调制系统研究中 ,其核心技术之一是脉冲变压器的研制。本文描述了脉冲变压器的技术要求和结构参数设计 ,并给出了实验测试结果 :变压器的初级电感为 3 6μH ,耦合系数为 0 77。当初级输入电压为 60kV时 ,次级输出电压可达到 50 0kV。     

A risk function for the stochastic modeling of electric capacity expansion

We present a stochastic optimization model for planning capacity expansion under capacity deterioration and demand uncertainty. The paper focuses on the electric sector, although the methodology can be used in other applications. The goals of the model are deciding which energy types must be installed, and when. Another goal is providing an initial generation plan for short periods of the planning horizon that might be adequately modified in real time assuming penalties in the operation cost. Uncertainty is modeled under the assumption that the demand is a random vector. The cost of the risk associated with decisions that may need some tuning in the future is included in the objective function. The proposed scheme to solve the nonlinear stochastic optimization model is Generalized Benders' decomposition. We also exploit the Benders' subproblem structure to solve it efficiently. Computational results for moderate‐size problems are presented along with comparison to a general‐purpose nonlinear optimization package. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48:662–683, 2001     

伊犁果子沟野生药用植物资源与保护

初步查明果子沟有野生药用植物 189种 ,隶属于 5 4科 16 0属。资源储量不足 ,名贵中药材面临灭绝的危险 ,亟应加强对野生药用植物资源的保护     

“经济自由”与“自由经济”辨析——理想与政策

自由主义的实践历史 ,是从争取宗教自由开始 ,继而争取政治自由 ,直到近代和现代 ,却转移集中争取经济自由。“经济自由”虽然是个极重要的课题 ,但是一般论著却把目标 (理想 )性的经济自由混淆作手段 (方法 )性的自由经济 (制度 )。相应地 ,一般论者也把“经济自由主义”错误地狭限于“放任 (自由 )经济制度”以满足一小撮人的经济自由。再者 ,本文认为高寿昌先生早在 6 0年代在外地发表的《经济的自由主义》一文很具卓见和勇气 ,现在试图运用 (广义 )逻辑学把它精确化 ,特别是严格区分“经济自由”与“自由经济(制度 )” ,以显示逻辑分析的重大实用价值     

利用验前信息的一种序贯检验方法——序贯验后加权检验方法

序贯验后加权检验方法是Bayes 统计观点在假设检验中的运用。本文提出了该方法的一般理论,给出了当总体的分布参数具有验前信息时的序贯检验方法。文中确定了决策区的划分,同时讨论了序贯截尾方案,给出了检验中可能犯两类错误的概率的上界,并将一般理论应用于产品的可靠性检验和再入飞行器随机落点的精度鉴定。由于运用了验前信息,因此能有效地在少量试验之下进行统计假设检验。本文所提供的方法对于昂贵产品试验结果的统计评定具有普遍意义。     

离散搜索力的最优配置模型及增量搜索计划

目前,离散搜索正越来越普遍地应用于各种搜索实践。为了优化搜索过程,提高离散搜索的效率,应用最优搜索理论,导出了待搜目标服从均匀分布、正态分布时离散搜索力的最优配置模型、目标的踪迹预测方法和最优增量搜索计划的求法,并通过实例作了演示,上述结论和方法为离散搜索力如何实施最优搜索提供了一定的理论依据。     

Military Expenditure as a Proxy for State Power. The Case of France

This paper attempts to build a simple indicator of state power. Military expenditure is the paper’s point of departure, with the definitions given by NATO, SIPRI and others. This definition is discussed and a power version is build, using French budgetary data. Then a defence of the result against traditional or non-traditional critics is presented under an imperative of action. Finally, this concept is enlarged and a new concept of power expenditures is given, one more time using French budgetary data. The conclusion is that this large expenditure concept is an unbiased but imperfect indicator of the will to act, and has to be completed by GDP to indicate the capability to act in the long-run.     

Land power in the age of joint interdependence: toward a theory of land power for the twenty-first century*

This essay outlines a theory of land power. After explaining the absence of such a theory, the article establishes the modern context for such a theory, specifically within the concept of joint interdependence. The analysis defines key terms and premises behind the theory, to include a definition of land power. The argument then outlines the national elements of power that contribute to a theory of land power. The analysis next applies the theory to the fundamental purposes of military power: defeat, deter, compel, assure, shape and support to the nation. The analysis then tests key definitions, supporting premises, and utility of the theory. The essay argues that historical experience validates the applicability and utility of the theory, and offers a solid basis for extrapolating the validity of the theory into the near future.