Are non‐lethal weapons a viable military option to strengthen the hearts and minds approach in Afghanistan?

Commanders of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) have repeatedly stressed the hearts and minds approach in Afghanistan, in saying that the human terrain is decisive for a successful outcome of the mission. Avoidance of civilian casualties is considered of strategic importance, and by nature highly dependent on the management of tactical level Escalation of Force (EoF) situations. Non‐lethal weapons (NLWs) are expected to enable tactical commanders to avoid innocent civilian casualties in such situations. This article considers a selected NLW on its potential to accomplish this requirement. It uses a defence technology assessment approach to analyse EoF situations experienced by Dutch ISAF forces in which the NLW is inserted. The analysis demonstrates that a range of contextual factors in the Afghanistan high‐risk environment tend to narrow down the window of opportunity for the NLW to help defuse the risk of unintended civil casualties.     

Survey and technological analysis of laser and its defense applications

The laser technology has made remarkable progress over the past couple of decades.It is being widely employed in diverse domains,such as holography,space sciences,spectroscopy,medical sciences,micro and power electronics,industrial engineering,and most distinctively,as directed energy military weapons.Owing to their active transmissions,laser systems are similar to microwave radars to some extent;however,unlike conventional radars,the laser operates at very high frequencies thus making it a potent enabler of narrow-beam and high energy aerial deployments,both in offensive and defensive roles.In modern avionics systems,laser target indicators and beam riders are the most common devices that are used to direct the Laser Guided Weapons(LGW)accurately to the ground targets.Additionally,compact size and outstanding angular resolution of laser-based systems motivate their use for drones and unmanned aerial applications.Moreover,the narrow-beam divergence of laser emissions offers a low probability of intercept,making it a suitable contender for secure transmissions and safety-critical operations.Furthermore,the developments in space sciences and laser technology have given syner-gistic potential outcomes to use laser systems in space operations.This paper comprehensively reviews laser applications and projects for strategic defense actions on the ground or in space.Additionally,a detailed analysis has been done on recent advancements of the laser technology for target indicators and range-finders.It also reviews the advancements in the field of laser communications for surveillance,its earlier state of the art,and ongoing scientific research and ad-vancements in the domain of high energy directed laser weapons that have revolutionized the evolving military battlefield.Besides offering a comprehensive taxonomy,the paper also critically analyzes some of the recent contributions in the associated domains.     

爆炸复合接头剪切强度测试方法研究

参照正交各向异性层压复合板层间剪切强度的测试方法,提出了用于测试爆炸复合接头复合界面剪切强度的3种方法;并建立三维有限元模型,分别对3种测试方法进行模拟;最后分别对3种方法进行了测试试验.结果表明,3种试验方法均能有效测试爆炸复合接头的剪切强度,其中对称试件双切口拉伸法最适合实际应用.     

Microstructural characterization of silicon carbide reinforced dissimilar grade aluminium explosive clads

Aluminium composites are inevitable in ship building, commercial and defence aircrafts construction due to their light weight, high strength to weight ratio, admirable properties and cost affordability. In this study, the microstructural characteristics of explosive cladded dissimilar grade aluminium (Al 1100-A1 5052) clad composites reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) particles is presented. Microstructure taken at the interface by optical and scanning electron microscopes (SEM) revealed the formation of a silicon carbide layer between the dissimilar grade aluminium sheets. Though reaction layers were witnessed at few locations along the interface, the diffusion of atoms between the participant metals is not visible as confirmed by energy dispersive spectroscopy, elemental mapping, line analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The variation in microhardness at various regions of the silicon carbide reinforced dissimilar aluminium explosive clad is reported. The increase in tensile strength of the SiC laced clad is also presented.     

建筑装修石材干挂施工工艺火灾危险性分析及对策

我国内装修工程石材干挂工艺从设计到施工均未考虑进行防火设计,加之施工过程中存在很多不规范现象,致使该工艺存在很大的火灾危险性。分析了该工艺的火灾危险性,提出了相应的对策,供消防设计审核人员、装修工程设计及施工人员参考。     

45钢表面激光熔覆Ni35合金涂层的组织及性能

为了修复45钢磨损装备零件,采用激光熔覆工艺在45钢表面制备了Ni35合金涂层。利用扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱分析仪（EDS）、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计和磨损试验机分析了熔覆层的显微组织,测试了涂层的硬度和耐磨性能。结果表明：熔覆层由γ-Ni和Ni3B两相组成;熔覆层中存在平面晶、胞状晶、枝晶等多种形态;Ni35熔覆层的硬度为450HV,熔覆层的耐磨性是基体的2.86倍。     

星载激光告警与面目标激光告警组网技术

随着激光武器技术的迅速发展 ,美、俄两国多次进行激光反卫星试验 ,卫星面临的激光威胁已日趋严重 ,进行星载激光告警技术研究势在必行。保护面目标是激光对抗的一道难题 ,目前 ,国外正在研究基于现有激光告警技术 ,并结合软件处理技术的面目标激光告警组网技术。文章对星载激光告警和面目标激光告警组网技术作了分析。     

10.6μm 双路 NH2D 斯塔克盒稳频CO2 激光拍频系统研究

在无恒温设备,无特殊防震措施,激光器采用泵浦循环水冷却,稳频环路采用常温热释电探测器的条件下,我们成功地建立了１０．６μｍ双路ＮＨ_２Ｄ斯塔克盒稳频ＣＯ_２激光拍频系统。文中重点对稳频系统的频率稳定性的拍频测试进行实验研究,并对关键技术进行了讨论。用拍频法及阿仑方差评价的频率稳定性是：取样时间为１０_ｓ、１ｓ的频率稳定性优于４×１０~（－１０）;取样时间为１００ｍｓ、１０ｍｓ、１ｍｓ的频率稳定性优于１．７×１０~（－９）。     

防空体系中的光电对抗技术

为了有效对抗精确制导武器,在防空体系中大力发展光电对抗技术具有十分重要的意义。简述了防空体系中可以采用的几种光电对抗技术。     

扭力轴头的堆焊修复加激光强化

本文对某重载车辆扭力轴轴头的堆焊修复加激光强化工艺进行了试验研究.优选了激光强化的工艺参数;分析了堆焊及激光强化层的组织;并进行了硬度及接触疲劳试验.试验结果表明:堆焊加激光强化层的硬度高,其接触疲劳性能比原材料高频淬火略有提高;堆焊加激光强化修复扭力轴轴头具有较高的经济效益.