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Sjef Orbons 《Defense & Security Analysis》2012,28(2):114-130
Commanders of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) have repeatedly stressed the hearts and minds approach in Afghanistan, in saying that the human terrain is decisive for a successful outcome of the mission. Avoidance of civilian casualties is considered of strategic importance, and by nature highly dependent on the management of tactical level Escalation of Force (EoF) situations. Non‐lethal weapons (NLWs) are expected to enable tactical commanders to avoid innocent civilian casualties in such situations. This article considers a selected NLW on its potential to accomplish this requirement. It uses a defence technology assessment approach to analyse EoF situations experienced by Dutch ISAF forces in which the NLW is inserted. The analysis demonstrates that a range of contextual factors in the Afghanistan high‐risk environment tend to narrow down the window of opportunity for the NLW to help defuse the risk of unintended civil casualties. 相似文献
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The laser technology has made remarkable progress over the past couple of decades.It is being widely employed in diverse domains,such as holography,space sciences,spectroscopy,medical sciences,micro and power electronics,industrial engineering,and most distinctively,as directed energy military weapons.Owing to their active transmissions,laser systems are similar to microwave radars to some extent;however,unlike conventional radars,the laser operates at very high frequencies thus making it a potent enabler of narrow-beam and high energy aerial deployments,both in offensive and defensive roles.In modern avionics systems,laser target indicators and beam riders are the most common devices that are used to direct the Laser Guided Weapons(LGW)accurately to the ground targets.Additionally,compact size and outstanding angular resolution of laser-based systems motivate their use for drones and unmanned aerial applications.Moreover,the narrow-beam divergence of laser emissions offers a low probability of intercept,making it a suitable contender for secure transmissions and safety-critical operations.Furthermore,the developments in space sciences and laser technology have given syner-gistic potential outcomes to use laser systems in space operations.This paper comprehensively reviews laser applications and projects for strategic defense actions on the ground or in space.Additionally,a detailed analysis has been done on recent advancements of the laser technology for target indicators and range-finders.It also reviews the advancements in the field of laser communications for surveillance,its earlier state of the art,and ongoing scientific research and ad-vancements in the domain of high energy directed laser weapons that have revolutionized the evolving military battlefield.Besides offering a comprehensive taxonomy,the paper also critically analyzes some of the recent contributions in the associated domains. 相似文献
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星载激光告警与面目标激光告警组网技术 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
随着激光武器技术的迅速发展 ,美、俄两国多次进行激光反卫星试验 ,卫星面临的激光威胁已日趋严重 ,进行星载激光告警技术研究势在必行。保护面目标是激光对抗的一道难题 ,目前 ,国外正在研究基于现有激光告警技术 ,并结合软件处理技术的面目标激光告警组网技术。文章对星载激光告警和面目标激光告警组网技术作了分析。 相似文献
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Nano-sized aluminum(Nano-Al)powders hold promise in enhancing the total energy of explosives and the metal acceleration ability at the same time.However,the near-detonation zone effects of reaction between Nano-Al with detonation products remain unclear.In this study,the overall reaction process of 170 nm Al with RDX explosive and its effect on detonation characteristics,detonation reaction zone,and the metal acceleration ability were comprehensively investigated through a variety of experiments such as the detonation velocity test,detonation pressure test,explosive/window interface velocity test and confined plate push test using high-resolution laser interferometry.Lithium fluoride(LiF),which has an inert behavior during the explosion,was used as a control to compare the contribution of the reaction of aluminum.A thermochemical approach that took into account the reactivity of aluminum and ensuing detonation products was adopted to calculate the additional energy release by afterburn.Combining the numerical simulations based on the calculated afterburn energy and experimental results,the param-eters in the detonation equation of state describing the Nano-Al reaction characteristics were calibrated.This study found that when the 170 nm Al content is from 0%to 15%,every 5%increase of aluminum resulted in about a 1.3%decrease in detonation velocity.Manganin pressure gauge measurement showed no significant enhancement in detonation pressure.The detonation reaction time and reaction zone length of RDX/Al/wax/80/15/5 explosive is 64 ns and 0.47 mm,which is respectively 14%and 8%higher than that of RDX/wax/95/5 explosive(57 ns and 0.39 mm).Explosive/window interface velocity curves show that 170 nm Al mainly reacted with the RDX detonation products after the detonation front.For the recording time of about 10 μs throughout the plate push test duration,the maximum plate velocity and plate acceleration time accelerated by RDX/Al/wax/80/15/5 explosive is 12%and 2.9 μs higher than that of RDX/LiF/wax/80/15/5,respectively,indicating that the aluminum reaction energy significantly increased the metal acceleration time and ability of the explosive.Numerical simulations with JWLM explosive equation of state show that when the detonation products expanded to 2 times the initial volume,over 80%of the aluminum had reacted,implying very high reactivity.These results are significant in attaining a clear understanding of the reaction mechanism of Nano-Al in the development of aluminized explosives. 相似文献
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本文对某重载车辆扭力轴轴头的堆焊修复加激光强化工艺进行了试验研究.优选了激光强化的工艺参数;分析了堆焊及激光强化层的组织;并进行了硬度及接触疲劳试验.试验结果表明:堆焊加激光强化层的硬度高,其接触疲劳性能比原材料高频淬火略有提高;堆焊加激光强化修复扭力轴轴头具有较高的经济效益. 相似文献
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防空体系中的光电对抗技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了有效对抗精确制导武器,在防空体系中大力发展光电对抗技术具有十分重要的意义。简述了防空体系中可以采用的几种光电对抗技术。 相似文献
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未来光电精确寻的制导技术发展前景预测 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
精确自寻的制导系统是精确制导武器中最重要的组成部分。精确寻的制导系统的性能直接影响武器的作战性能、应用范围和成本。分析了未来高技术战争对精确制导武器发展的要求,探索了21世纪光电精确寻的制导技术的发展趋势,分析了新的精确制导体制应具备的发展特点,并对未来的发展提出了建议和意见。 相似文献
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在无恒温设备,无特殊防震措施,激光器采用泵浦循环水冷却,稳频环路采用常温热释电探测器的条件下,我们成功地建立了10.6μm双路NH_2D斯塔克盒稳频CO_2激光拍频系统。文中重点对稳频系统的频率稳定性的拍频测试进行实验研究,并对关键技术进行了讨论。用拍频法及阿仑方差评价的频率稳定性是:取样时间为10_s、1s的频率稳定性优于4×10~(-10);取样时间为100ms、10ms、1ms的频率稳定性优于1.7×10~(-9)。 相似文献
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