Military Spending,Conflict and External Debt in Sub-Saharan Africa

The damaging economic effects of the debt crises on Africa in the late 1980s encouraged considerable research on the determinants of external debt in developing economies. Although sub-Saharan Africa's (SSA) debt was cut by two-thirds by 2008, through two debt relief programmes, debt in the region has since been rising at an increasingly rapid pace. This study provides an empirical analysis of the determinants of external debt in SSA over the period 1960–2016, using dynamic panel methods. It also considers two potentially important factors that have received relatively little attention. One is military spending, rarely considered, despite a number of well-publicised scandals over the procurement of unnecessary and expensive high-tech weapons systems. A second, is the possibility that the countries studied have been involved in conflict. The empirical results point to a positive impact of military spending on external debt, but with some evidence of heterogeneity across the countries. Furthermore, findings indicate that the positive effect of military expenditure on debt becomes more marked in countries that have been affected by conflict. These results imply that policies to improve security and reduce military spending could be beneficial in reducing external debt and, potentially, improving economic performance in the region.     

How pressure for change challenge military organizational characteristics

This article elaborates on how structural, normative and functional pressures for change may challenge military organizational characteristics. We problematize theoretically and exemplify empirically what consequences these pressures can have on military organizational characteristics, arguing that they constitute major challenges for managing in particular normative pressures for change. The empirical examples suggest that bureaucratic, hierarchical, narcissistic and greedy traits of the organization are challenged by normative pressures such as value changes and normalization. Another source of challenge is professionalization processes. Structural challenges, on the other hand, are managed by the organization and do not seem to inhibit the workings of organizational characteristics. The plausibility probe conducted questions the sustainability of military organizational characteristics in their traditional disguise, in particular due to legitimacy concerns. It is suggested that future research should be directed towards analyzing how military organizations manage pressure for change and whether their characteristics are questioned.     

开展思想道德修养与法律基础第二课堂教学活动的探讨

武警学院部队管理系政工教研室在《思想道德修养与法律基础》的授课过程中,积极开展第二课堂的教育活动,构建其教育模式原则。并积极投身第二课堂的教育实践,组织学员到爱国主义基地参观学习,把心理学的方法融入到思想教育授课当中。实践证明：开展第二课堂教学活动对学员具有重要的教育意义。     

三道防线是防空领域的重大军事变革

当前国土防空和舰队防空中,面临的空袭特点是空袭体系从防区外和视线外对防空体系所保卫的地(水)面目标实施饱和攻击。为了对抗这样的空袭战术,防空体系必须从以投弹圈为唯一防线的作战模式中解放出来,向远程打击预警机,中程拦截空袭武器载机和近程防御空袭武器的三道防线转变。这一转变牵动了防空体系和防空导弹的发展方向,因此是防空领域的一次重大军事变革。     

DoDAF视图下的反导作战军事概念建模与仿真系统设计

反导作战概念模型是保证不同地空导弹武器系统之间指控系统可集成、可互操作性、高效一体化的关键。首先,针对传统建模语言在模型可执行验证方面的不足,在DoDAF视图框架下,提出一种基于统一建模语言（UML）的反导作战军事概念建模方法;其次,结合军事概念模型给出反导作战仿真系统设计的方法。规范建模框架并选择可执行性强的UML语言建立军事概念模型,对反导作战研究及指控系统开发具有一定参考价值。     

跳频通信抗干扰性能分析

简述了跳频通信的基本原理。针对跳频通信两种主要的干扰方式,分别对跳频通信系统的抗干扰能力进行分析,指出了跳频通信的优势及有待改进的地方,并提出相应增效措施。对正确应用跳频通信系统和提高其战斗效能具有重要意义。     

加固型打印机在船用巡回检测装置中的应用

本文研究了加固型打印机在巡回检测装置中的应用,并设计出接口电路。该项研究经过运行考核证明是切实可行的,可以有效地增强巡回检测装置的功能。     

积极心理学及其对军校大学生心理健康教育的启示

传统的心理健康教育过分关注心理疾病的评估与矫治,忽视了对个体积极的品质、情绪体验等的关注和培养。积极心理学的诞生,为传统的心理健康教育提供了新的视野,主张教育者用一种更加开放的、欣赏的眼光去看待学生的潜能、动机和能力。军校大学生作为一个特殊的大学生群体,除了繁重的学业、环境的适应等普通大学生面临的挑战外,紧张的军事训练、严格的日常管理、单一的校园生活使他们更容易出现心理问题。积极心理学提示我们,军校大学生的心理健康教育应从个体的积极因素入手,不断地激发、挖掘、关注个体内在的积极力量和优秀品质,注意培养和鼓励他们多用积极的应对方式解决生活中遇到的问题。     

Military Innovation and Tactical Adaptation in the Israel–Hizballah Conflict: The Institutionalization of Lesson-Learning in the IDF

This article highlights a pattern of military adaptation and tactical problem-solving utilized by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) while engaged in protracted conflict with the Lebanese militant group Hizballah. It discusses the IDF’s recent attempts to institutionalize their historically intuitive process of ad-hoc learning by developing a formal tactical-level mechanism for ‘knowledge management’. The diffusion of this battlefield lesson-learning system that originated at lower-levels of the organization is examined, as well as its implementation and effectiveness during the 2006 Lebanon War. A nuanced analysis of IDF adaptation illustrates the dynamic interplay between both ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ processes of military innovation.     

Indian Military Modernization and Conventional Deterrence in South Asia

In recent years, headline grabbing increases in the Indian defense budget have raised concerns that India’s on-going military modernization threatens to upset the delicate conventional military balance vis-à-vis Pakistan. Such an eventuality is taken as justification for Islamabad’s pursuit of tactical-nuclear weapons and other actions that have worrisome implications for strategic stability on the subcontinent. This article examines the prospects for Pakistan’s conventional deterrence in the near to medium term, and concludes that it is much better than the pessimists allege. A host of factors, including terrain, the favorable deployment of Pakistani forces, and a lack of strategic surprise in the most likely conflict scenarios, will mitigate whatever advantages India may be gaining through military modernization. Despite a growing technological edge in some areas, Indian policymakers cannot be confident that even a limited resort to military force would achieve a rapid result, which is an essential pre-condition for deterrence failure.