从言语的语言学看翻译的多相面对等

本文从言语的语言学出发寻求和翻译的对等面。翻译是一种跨文化的信息交流与交往传播的活动,研究的是使用中的语言即言语,言语的语言学以言语为研究对象,因此言语的语言学应作为翻译的语言学基础。基于上述理论,本文从言语的语言学的语义、语用和文化三方面寻求和翻译的静态、动态和文化对等,使翻译活动更具实践意义。     

干部交流工作之我见

干部交流工作,作为加强干部队伍建设的一项重要措施,在许多方面起到了重要作用。但是,干部交流工作也受到很多因素的影响,为加强和完善干部交流工作,应转变观念,统筹安排,拓宽途径,扩大范围,完善干部交流政策机制,积极推进干部交流工作稳步发展。     

消防取水码头的建造形式及选用原则

通过对消防取水码头的法规要求、建造形式的分析,就消防工作中应如何根据实际情况选用不同建造形式的消防取水码头进行了探讨,并对消防取水码头的建造和使用提出了建议。     

Signature based analysis of m‐Consecutive‐k‐out‐of‐n: F systems with exchangeable components

In this article, we study reliability properties of m‐consecutive‐k‐out‐of‐n: F systems with exchangeable components. We deduce exact formulae and recurrence relations for the signature of the system. Closed form expressions for the survival function and the lifetime distribution as a mixture of the distribution of order statistics are established as well. These representations facilitate the computation of several reliability characteristics of the system for a given exchangeable joint distribution or survival function. Finally, we provide signature‐based stochastic ordering results for the system's lifetime and investigate the IFR preservation property under the formulation of m‐consecutive‐k‐out‐of‐n: F systems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011     

Polaris,East of Suez: British Plans for a Nuclear Force in the Indo-Pacific, 1964–1968

This article investigates the little-known plans formulated by Harold Wilson's Labour government to deploy Polaris submarines in the Indo-Pacific region. The scheme was first proposed in 1965 as a response to several problems faced by British policy-makers, including China's acquisition of a nuclear capability, Britain's wish to maintain a meaningful position ‘East of Suez’ at reduced cost, and German pressure for equal treatment within NATO on nuclear matters. Despite extensive high-level discussion, the plans were finally abandoned in mid-1968, as Labour moved more decisively to forsake the world role.     

French war plans, 1914: The ‘Balance of Power Paradox’

Historians have noted that both German and French war preparation in 1914 fell victim to the inadequacies of traditional threat-based planning: vulnerability to ‘threat deception’ which caused each to underestimate or mischaracterize the threat; a tendency to ‘mirror-image’ by fitting intelligence into preconceived notions of how the enemy was expected to behave; and ‘group think’ that discouraged a serious consideration of alternative scenarios. This article applies the ‘Balance of Power Paradox’ to explain why, at the dawn of the twentieth century, war planning in both Germany and France was driven by an acute sense of weakness which encouraged each side to fashion highly ‘risk acceptant’ strategies. In particular, he examines why and how French commander-in-chief General Joseph Joffre evolved and rationalized his audacious, and disastrous, Plan XVII to leverage French weaknesses and prevent the stronger German Army from bringing the full weight of its military strength to bear against France. The potential implication of this historical vignette is that leaders, and by extension military planners, of both strong and weak states focus on the constraints faced by their opponents, and assume that they can avoid the limitations of their position, while their opponent cannot.     

载体干扰磁场补偿方法

获得载体航行路径上各点地磁场的精确测量值是地磁匹配导航的前提,而载体上各种干扰磁场的存在会引起磁力仪输出的偏差,影响匹配的精度,因此必须对载体干扰磁场进行补偿。在分析载体干扰磁场特性的基础上,提出利用矢量测量值对地磁场总场值进行补偿的方法。该方法首先根据矢量磁力仪的测量模型得到关于载体磁场参数的非线性方程,然后采用非线性参数估计方法估计出精确的载体干扰磁场系数,最后再利用估计结果对测量值进行补偿。通过仿真对该方法的有效性进行研究,并设计了半实物实验对其实用性进行验证。结果表明采用本文提出的方法补偿后地磁场总场值的测量误差在20nT以内,而且该方法参数估计精度高,应用方便,可以有效地对导航载体干扰磁场进行补偿。     

基于云分类器的液体火箭发动机故障诊断方法

本文首先将液体火箭发动机故障诊断问题转化为故障特征的模式分类问题,然后针对当前模式分类方法难以处理不确定性信息、属性特征空间的划分过硬等缺陷,结合云模型和云变换研究,提出了一种基于云分类器的液体火箭发动机起动过程故障诊断方法。历次试车数据的验证结果表明,该方法能够及时准确识别发动机起动工作过程中的故障模式。     

一种对时钟偏差不敏感的无源RFID标签编解码算法

基于我国自主射频识别空中接口协议GJB 7377.1-2011,提出了一种对时钟偏差不敏感的无源RFID标签编解码算法。该算法充分考虑了时钟频率偏差、计数误差、分频误差等对编解码的影响,推导出了标签正确编解码所需的时钟约束条件,并得到了标签编解码的基本思路和方法。仿真结果表明,提出的编解码算法对标签时钟精度要求较低,只要时钟频率大于1.60 MHz,即可满足要求,大大降低了硬件实现的难度和复杂度,与同类实现方式相比,功耗降低了近50%。     

封装对螺旋线圈发射器互感梯度的影响

互感梯度是决定线圈炮加速力的主要因素。本文以螺旋线圈炮为例,建立了计算互感梯度的二维有限元模型,对四种不同属性的封装材料和封装尺寸对互感梯度的影响做出了分析和比较,并给出了不同的封装材料及尺寸下封装的电流密度和磁场分布图。分析表明,互感梯度受到封装材料电导率和磁导率的双重制约。电导率决定了封装中感应涡流的大小;磁导率决定了对磁场的加强程度。减小封装与线圈的间距,导磁材料的磁场加强效果更好,而导电材料的涡流效应也更明显;增加封装的厚度,导磁材料可以更好地增强磁场,但导电材料由于电阻更小涡流效应更明显。为了实现互感梯度的最大化,可以在减小封装与驱动线圈间距并增加封装厚度的情况下使用高磁导率的硅钢片制作封装,硅钢片的厚度应该尽量小从而削弱涡流效应。